Author : Werner Kunz
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 19,16 MB
Release : 2010
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9814271586
Specific ion effects are important in numerous fields of science and technology. This book summarizes the main ideas that came up over the years. It presents the efforts of theoreticians and supports it by the experimental results stemming from various techniques.
Author : Werner Kunz
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 41,70 MB
Release : 2009-12-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9814468177
Specific ion effects are important in numerous fields of science and technology. They have been discussed for over 100 years, ever since the pioneering work done by Franz Hofmeister and his group in Prague. Over the last decades, hundreds of examples have been published and periodically explanations have been proposed. However, it is only recently that a profound understanding of the basic effects and their reasons could be achieved. Today, we are not far from a general explanation of specific ion effects. This book summarizes the main new ideas that have come up in the last ten years.In this book, the efforts of theoreticians are substantially supported by the experimental results stemming from new and exciting techniques. Both the new theoretical concepts and the experimental landmarks are collected and critically discussed by eminent scientists and well-known specialists in this field. Beyond the rigorous explanations, guidelines are given to non-specialists in order to help them understand the general rules governing specific ion effects in chemistry, biology, physics and engineering.
Author : Yizhak Marcus
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 32,7 MB
Release : 2015-08-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 1118889142
The book starts with an exposition of the relevant properties of ions and continues with a description of their solvation in the gas phase. The book contains a large amount of factual information in the form of extensive tables of critically examined data and illustrations of the points made throughout. It covers: the relevant properties of prospective liquid solvents for the ions the process of the transfer of ions from the gas phase into a liquid where they are solvated various aspects of the solutions of the ions, such as structural and transport ones and the effects of the ions on the solvent dynamics and structure what happens in cases where the solvent is a mixture selective solvation takes place applications of the concepts expounded previously in fields such as electrochemistry, hydrometallurgy, separation chemistry, biophysics, and synthetic methods
Author : Gennadiĭ Alekseevich Krestov
Publisher : Prentice Hall
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 24,39 MB
Release : 1994
Category : Science
ISBN :
This comprehensive, widely-read anthology presents cogent and provocativearticles from differing political perspectives on major issues in post-World WarII America. The fourth edition is considerably expanded to include newselections on the AIDS epidemic, gay rights, the women's movement, and theClinton-Gore administration. In addition to articles by leading historians theeditors have chosen first-person accounts by participants in each of the issuesunder discussion, from Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "Letter from the BirminghamJail" to Al Gore's speech on environmentalism. With lively introductions to eachsection providing a context for the articles, this book helps students makesense of the tumultuous world of our time.
Author : Bernhard Wolf
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 558 pages
File Size : 46,37 MB
Release : 1995-08-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780849325021
The Handbook of Ion Sources delivers the data needed for daily work with ion sources. It also gives information for the selection of a suitable ion source and ion production method for a specific application. The Handbook concentrates on practical aspects and introduces the principle function of ion sources. The basic plasma parameters are defined and discussed. The working principles of various ion sources are explained, and examples of each type of ion source are presented with their operational data. Tables of ion current for various elements and charge states summarize the performance of different ion sources. The problems related to the production of ions of non-gaseous elements are detailed, and data on useful materials for evaporation and ion source construction are summarized. Additional chapters are dedicated to extraction and beam formation, ion beam diagnosis, ion source electronics, and computer codes for extraction, acceleration, and beam transport. Emittance and brilliance are described and space charge effects and neutralization discussed. Various methods for the measurement of current, profile, emittance, and time structure are presented and compared. Intensity limits for these methods are provided for different ion energies. Typical problems related to the operation of ion source plasmas are discussed and practical examples of circuits are given. The influence of high voltage on ion source electronics and possibilities for circuit protection are covered. The generation of microwaves and various microwave equipment are described and special problems related to microwave operation are summarized. The Handbook of Ion Sources is a valuable reference on the subject, of benefit to practitioners and graduate students interested in accelerators, ion implantation, and ion beam techniques.
Author : David L. Parkhurst
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 518 pages
File Size : 21,77 MB
Release : 2014-07-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781500563103
PHREEQC version 3 is a computer program written in the C and C++ programming languages that is designed to perform a wide variety of aqueous geochemical calculations. PHREEQC implements several types of aqueous models: two ion-association aqueous models (the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory model and WATEQ4F), a Pitzer specific-ion-interaction aqueous model, and the SIT (Specific ion Interaction Theory) aqueous model. Using any of these aqueous models, PHREEQC has capabilities for (1) speciation and saturation-index calculations; (2) batch-reaction and one-dimensional (1D) transport calculations with reversible and irreversible reactions, which include aqueous, mineral, gas, solid-solution, surface-complexation, and ion-exchange equilibria, and specified mole transfers of reactants, kinetically controlled reactions, mixing of solutions, and pressure and temperature changes; and (3) inverse modeling, which finds sets of mineral and gas mole transfers that account for differences in composition between waters within specified compositional uncertainty limits.
Author : Yitzhak Marcus
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 15,74 MB
Release : 1997-07-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780824700119
Considering the properties of inorganic and organic ions pertaining directly, as well as indirectly, to their behaviour in solutions, this work aims to enable the specialist and non-specialist alike to comprehend ion behaviour in ongoing and developing studies and applications. The companion disk is for use with Microsoft Access 2.0.
Author : Michael Nastasi
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 572 pages
File Size : 47,65 MB
Release : 1996-03-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 052137376X
Comprehensive guide to an important materials science technique for students and researchers.
Author : Josef Barthel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 37,60 MB
Release : 1998-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783798510760
The aim and purpose of this book is a survey of our actual basic knowledge of electrolyte solutions. It is meant for chemical engineers looking for an introduction to this field of increasing interest for various technologies, and for scientists wishing to have access to the broad field of modern electrolyte chemistry.
Author : Wulfram Gerstner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 591 pages
File Size : 47,86 MB
Release : 2014-07-24
Category : Computers
ISBN : 1107060834
This solid introduction uses the principles of physics and the tools of mathematics to approach fundamental questions of neuroscience.
