Strong Correlation and Superconductivity


Book Description

This volume contains the proceedings of the ffiM Japan International Sympo sium on Strong Correlation and Superconductivity, which was held in Keidan ren Guest House at the foot of Mt. Fuji, May 21-25, 1989. The purpose of the Symposium was to provide an opportunity for discus sions on the problem of strong correlation of electrons in the context of high-Tc superconductivity. Sixty-eight scientists were invited from seven countries and forty-three papers were presented in the Symposium. Soon after the discovery ofhigh-Tc superconducting oxides, Professor P. W. Anderson proposed that the essence of high-Tc superconductivity lies in the strong correlation among the electrons in these materials. This proposal has stimulated a wide range of theoretical investigations on this profound and dif ficult problem, which are expected to lead eventually to new concepts describ ing strong electron correlation. In the Symposium, Anderson himself started lively discussions by his talk entitled "Myth and Reality in High-Tc Supercon ductivity", which was followed by various reports on theoretical studies and experimental results. Concise and thoughtful summaries of experiment and theory were given by Professors H. R. Ott and P. A. Lee, respectively. It is our hope that this volume reflects the present status of the research activity on this outstanding problem from the viewpoint of the basic physics and that it will further stimulate the effort to understand these fascinating systems, the high-Tc oxides.




Quantum Many-Body Physics in Open Systems: Measurement and Strong Correlations


Book Description

This book studies the fundamental aspects of many-body physics in quantum systems open to an external world. Recent remarkable developments in the observation and manipulation of quantum matter at the single-quantum level point to a new research area of open many-body systems, where interactions with an external observer and the environment play a major role. The first part of the book elucidates the influence of measurement backaction from an external observer, revealing new types of quantum critical phenomena and out-of-equilibrium dynamics beyond the conventional paradigm of closed systems. In turn, the second part develops a powerful theoretical approach to study the in- and out-of-equilibrium physics of an open quantum system strongly correlated with an external environment, where the entanglement between the system and the environment plays an essential role. The results obtained here offer essential theoretical results for understanding the many-body physics of quantum systems open to an external world, and can be applied to experimental systems in atomic, molecular and optical physics, quantum information science and condensed matter physics.




Strongly Correlated Electron Systems Ii - Proceedings Of The Adriatico Conference And Miniworkshop


Book Description

This is the second in a series of miniworkshops and Adriatico conferences devoted to the exciting field of strongly correlated electron systems including quantum Hall effect, metal insulator transition, heavy fermions and high Tc superconductivity. In spite of enormous efforts made by physicists worldwide to solve these difficult problems, many important issues are still widely open and this topic remains the most active field in condensed matter physics. The review talks and reports on original research given by the experts in the field represent a state-of-the-art summary of this fast-moving field.




Quantum Mechanics, Volume 3


Book Description

This new, third volume of Cohen-Tannoudji's groundbreaking textbook covers advanced topics of quantum mechanics such as uncorrelated and correlated identical particles, the quantum theory of the electromagnetic field, absorption, emission and scattering of photons by atoms, and quantum entanglement. Written in a didactically unrivalled manner, the textbook explains the fundamental concepts in seven chapters which are elaborated in accompanying complements that provide more detailed discussions, examples and applications. * Completing the success story: the third and final volume of the quantum mechanics textbook written by 1997 Nobel laureate Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and his colleagues Bernard Diu and Franck Laloë * As easily comprehensible as possible: all steps of the physical background and its mathematical representation are spelled out explicitly * Comprehensive: in addition to the fundamentals themselves, the books comes with a wealth of elaborately explained examples and applications Claude Cohen-Tannoudji was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris where he also studied and received his PhD in 1962. In 1973 he became Professor of atomic and molecular physics at the Collège des France. His main research interests were optical pumping, quantum optics and atom-photon interactions. In 1997, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, together with Steven Chu and William D. Phillips, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms. Bernard Diu was Professor at the Denis Diderot University (Paris VII). He was engaged in research at the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and High Energy where his focus was on strong interactions physics and statistical mechanics. Franck Laloë was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris. His first assignment was with the University of Paris VI before he was appointed to the CNRS, the French National Research Center. His research was focused on optical pumping, statistical mechanics of quantum gases, musical acoustics and the foundations of quantum mechanics.




Correlated Electrons in Quantum Matter


Book Description

"It intends to provide graduate students and researchers a comprehensive survey of electron correlations, weak and strong, in insulators, semiconductors and metals. This topic is a central one in condensed matter and beyond that in theoretical physics."--P. [4] of cover.




From Atom Optics to Quantum Simulation


Book Description

This thesis explores ultracold quantum gases of bosonic and fermionic atoms in optical lattices. The highly controllable experimental setting discussed in this work, has opened the door to new insights into static and dynamical properties of ultracold quantum matter. One of the highlights reported here is the development and application of a novel time-resolved spectroscopy technique for quantum many-body systems. By following the dynamical evolution of a many-body system after a quantum quench, the author shows how the important energy scales of the underlying Hamiltonian can be measured with high precision. This achievement, its application, and many other exciting results make this thesis of interest to a broad audience ranging from quantum optics to condensed matter physics. A lucid style of writing accompanied by a series of excellent figures make the work accessible to readers outside the rapidly growing research field of ultracold atoms.







Strongly Correlated Fermi Systems


Book Description

This book focuses on the topological fermion condensation quantum phase transition (FCQPT), a phenomenon that reveals the complex behavior of all strongly correlated Fermi systems, such as heavy fermion metals, quantum spin liquids, quasicrystals, and two-dimensional systems, considering these as a new state of matter. The book combines theoretical evaluations with arguments based on experimental grounds demonstrating that the entirety of very different strongly correlated Fermi systems demonstrates a universal behavior induced by FCQPT. In contrast to the conventional quantum phase transition, whose physics in the quantum critical region are dominated by thermal or quantum fluctuations and characterized by the absence of quasiparticles, the physics of a Fermi system near FCQPT are controlled by a system of quasiparticles resembling the Landau quasiparticles. The book discusses the modification of strongly correlated systems under the action of FCQPT, representing the “missing” instability, which paves the way for developing an entirely new approach to condensed matter theory; and presents this physics as a new method for studying many-body objects. Based on the authors’ own theoretical investigations, as well as salient theoretical and experimental studies conducted by others, the book is well suited for both students and researchers in the field of condensed matter physics.




Self-consistent Quantum-Field Theory and Bosonization for Strongly Correlated Electron Systems


Book Description

This research monograph offers an introduction to advanced quantum field theoretical techniques for many-particle systems beyond perturbation theory. Several schemes for resummation of the Feynman diagrams are described. The resulting approximations are especially well suited for strongly correlated fermion and boson systems. Also considered is the crossover from BCS superconductivity to Bose--Einstein condensation in fermion systems with strong attractive interaction. In particular, a field theoretic formulation of "bosonization" is presented; it is published here for the first time. This method is applied to the fractional quantum Hall effect, to the Coulomb plasma, and to several exactly solvable models.




Condensed Matter Theories


Book Description

This series on condensed matter theories provides a forum for advanced theoretical research in quantum many-body theory. The contributions are highly interdisciplinary, emphasizing common concerns among theorists who apply many-particle methods in such diverse areas as solid-state, low-temperature, statistical, nuclear, particle, and biological physics, as well as in quantum field theory, quantum information and the theory of complex systems. Each individual contribution is preceded by an extended introduction to the topic treated. Useful details not normally presented in journal articles can be found in this volume. Sample Chapter(s). Part A: Fermi Liquids: Pressure Comparison Between the Spherical Cellular Model and the Thomas-Fermi Model (290 KB). Contents: Condensation of Helium in Wedges (E S Hernindez et al.); Pairing in Asymmetrical Fermi Systems (K F Quader & R Liao); Quantum Boltzmann Liquids (K A Gernoth et al.); Fractionally Charged Excitations on Frustrated Lattices (E Runge et al.); On the de HaasOCoVan Alphen Oscillation in 2D (S Fujita & D L Morabito); The Concept of Correlated Density and Its Application (K Morawetz et al.); Pairing of Strongly Correlated Nucleons (W H Dickhoff); KohnOCoSham Calculations Combined with an Average Pair-Density Functional Theory (P Gori-Giorgi & A Savin); Maxent Approach to Qubits (C M Sarris et al.); Ergodic Condition and Magnetic Models (M H Lee); and other papers. Readership: Physicists, chemists and applied mathematicians interested in advanced theories of condensed matter and their applications."