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Structural Glasses and Supercooled Liquids

Author : Peter G. Wolynes

Publisher : John Wiley & Sons

Page : 422 pages

File Size : 24,86 MB

Release : 2012-04-10

Category : Science

ISBN : 0470452234

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Book Description

With contributions from 24 global experts in diverse fields, and edited by world-recognized leaders in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysics, Structural Glasses and Supercooled Liquids: Theory, Experiment, and Applications presents a modern, complete survey of glassy phenomena in many systems based on firmly established characteristics of the underlying molecular motions as deduced by first principle theoretical calculations, or with direct/single-molecule experimental techniques. A well-rounded view of a variety of disordered systems where cooperative phenomena, which are epitomized by supercooled liquids, take place is provided. These systems include structural glasses and supercooled liquids, polymers, complex liquids, protein conformational dynamics, and strongly interacting electron systems with quenched/self-generated disorder. Detailed calculations and reasoned arguments closely corresponding with experimental data are included, making the book accessible to an educated non-expert reader.



Cooperative Motions in Supercooled Liquids and Glasses

Author : Jacob D. Stevenson

Publisher :

Page : 91 pages

File Size : 13,18 MB

Release : 2009

Category :

ISBN : 9781109135824

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Book Description

Why glasses behave like solids in the absence of their having any long range structural order, is a fundamental problem of statistical physics, one that has been actively researched for more than 80 years. Supported by the mean field theory of supercooled liquids and a deep connection to mean field spin glasses with one step replica symmetry breaking, the random first order transition theory offers a solution to the glass problem based on assuming proximity to an underlying ideal glass transition. In the deeply supercooled liquid the free energy landscape is dominated by metastable structural basins separated by large free energy barriers. The rate of inter-conversion between these structural states is ultimately driven by the entropic cost of remaining confined to one basin, a cost which is quantified by the configurational entropy. Both the activation free energy barrier and the number of cooperatively moving particles required to overcome the barrier diverge as the ideal glass transition is approached. The cooperative nature of the dynamics in the deeply supercooled liquid regime has been confirmed by experiments and simulations and has been the subject of intense study in recent years. In the following we explore the implications of cooperative dynamics in the random first order transition theory with particular focus on the expected behavior at the ideal glass transition temperature and at the dynamical crossover, the temperature where activated motions first become important. We also show how the general features of secondary relaxation can be recovered by adding local fluctuations to the equations describing cooperative reconfiguration. Finally, we describe how cooperatively rearranging regions modify dynamics near the surface of glasses, reducing the apparent viscosity by several orders of magnitude.



Supercooled Liquids, Glass Transition and Bulk Metallic Glasses: Volume 754

Author : Takeshi Egami

Publisher :

Page : 512 pages

File Size : 24,97 MB

Release : 2003-07-16

Category : Science

ISBN :

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Book Description

There has been a renaissance in glass science brought about by the development of concepts such as fragility index and the energy landscape with megabasins. Research on bulk metallic glasses has been explosive since their advent when MRS offered its first book on the topic. In 2000, a second book broadened the scope to include supercooled liquid, bulk glassy and nanocrystalline states. This book enhances the scope to include glass transition in diverse materials such as water, silicate and polymeric melts. Bringing these threads together in an interdisciplinary manner was fruitful and offers proof that while there is much common ground, gaps between various approaches to the glassy state remain to be bridged. Subjects include: the supercooled liquid; glass formability; structural relaxation and dynamics; structure determination and modeling; processing and applications of bulk metallic glasses; mechanical properties; mechanical properties - composites; crystallization; electronic and magnetic structure and properties; and nanoparticles and nonmetallic glasses.





Glass Transition on Cooling and Aging for Structural Glasses

Author : Hiroshi Kobayashi

Publisher : Eliva Press

Page : 0 pages

File Size : 12,17 MB

Release : 2023-01-12

Category :

ISBN : 9789994985494

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Book Description

Glass is out of equilibrium and reduces into an equilibrium solid. This whole process is a thermodynamical phase transition, while the so-called glass transition is an observable transition with no changes in structure. We describe that the glass transition is a purely kinetic phenomenon due to strong fluctuations in molecular configurations in supercooled liquid. Intermediate-range orders (IROs) have important roles on the glass transition process which is explained by the embryo and freezing of IROs. We conclude that the glass transition is an emergence of a new system of glass in a nonequilibrium state and a glass is a nanomaterial which is composed of a periodic nano-structure of IROs. The mean field theory introduced the random first order transition (RFOT) as the ideal glass transition which prevents the Kauzmann paradox. Recently, an ideal glass was realized using silicate glass during long aging below the Kauzmann temperature. An ideal glass is a nanomaterial which is composed of a periodic nano-structure of intermediate-range orders in an amorphous phase. The results identified the (spontaneous) dissipative structure as an equilibrium state of an ideal glass. An ideal glass is a temporal steady state toward the ground state of materials, which is a polycrystal.



Jamming and Glass Transitions

Author : Ada Altieri

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 229 pages

File Size : 39,18 MB

Release : 2019-08-28

Category : Science

ISBN : 3030236005

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Book Description

The work described in this book originates from a major effort to develop a fundamental theory of the glass and the jamming transitions. The first chapters guide the reader through the phenomenology of supercooled liquids and structural glasses and provide the tools to analyze the most frequently used models able to predict the complex behavior of such systems. A fundamental outcome is a detailed theoretical derivation of an effective thermodynamic potential, along with the study of anomalous vibrational properties of sphere systems. The interested reader can find in these pages a clear and deep analysis of mean-field models as well as the description of advanced beyond-mean-field perturbative expansions. To investigate important second-order phase transitions in lattice models, the last part of the book proposes an innovative theoretical approach, based on a multi-layer construction. The different methods developed in this thesis shed new light on important connections among constraint satisfaction problems, jamming and critical phenomena in complex systems, and lay part of the groundwork for a complete theory of amorphous solids.



Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses

Author : Arun K. Varshneya

Publisher : Elsevier

Page : 756 pages

File Size : 38,63 MB

Release : 2019-05-09

Category : Science

ISBN : 0128162260

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Book Description

Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses, Third Edition, is a comprehensive reference on the field of glass science and engineering that covers numerous, significant advances. This new edition includes the most recent advances in glass physics and chemistry, also discussing groundbreaking applications of glassy materials. It is suitable for upper level glass science courses and professional glass scientists and engineers at industrial and government labs. Fundamental concepts, chapter-ending problem sets, an emphasis on key ideas, and timely notes on suggested readings are all included. The book provides the breadth required of a comprehensive reference, offering coverage of the composition, structure and properties of inorganic glasses. - Clearly develops fundamental concepts and the basics of glass science and glass chemistry - Provides a comprehensive discussion of the composition, structure and properties of inorganic glasses - Features a discussion of the emerging applications of glass, including applications in energy, environment, pharmaceuticals, and more - Concludes chapters with problem sets and suggested readings to facilitate self-study



Non-equilibrium Phenomena In Supercooled Fluids, Glasses And Amorphous Materials - Proceedings Of The Workshop

Author : Tosi Mario P

Publisher : World Scientific

Page : 408 pages

File Size : 22,12 MB

Release : 1996-09-20

Category :

ISBN : 9814547417

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Book Description

This volume contains the Proceedings of the International Workshop on “Non-Equilibrium Phenomena in Supercooled Fluids, Glasses and Amorphous Materials”, held in Pisa in the early fall of 1995 as a joint initiative of the University of Pisa and of the Scuola Normale Superiore. The goal was to bring together liquid state physicists, chemists and engineers, to review current developments and comparatively discuss experimental facts and theoretical predictions in this vast scientific area. The core of the Workshop was a set of general lectures followed by more specific presentations on current issues in the main areas of the field. This structure has been maintained in this volume, in which a set of five overviews is followed by topically grouped contributions in the five areas of ionic glasses and glassy materials, the glass transition, viscous flow and microscopic relaxation, complex fluids, and polymers. The volume also preserves a record of the many short contributions given to the Workshop through posters, which are grouped in it under the subjects of inorganic glasses, organic glasses and complex fluids, polymers, and theoretical aspects.



Thermophysical Properties and Structural Evolution of Supercooled Metallic Liquids

Author : Matthew E. Blodgett

Publisher :

Page : 0 pages

File Size : 27,89 MB

Release : 2015

Category :

ISBN :

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Book Description

Metallic glasses (and glasses in general) offer unique material properties compared to their crystalline counterparts. Yet the physics of the glass transition remain poorly understood. By examining the evolution of properties in the liquid as it is cooled toward the glass transition we hope to discern how they relate to glass formation. Of particular interest is the concept of kinetic fragility, first defined in terms of the viscosity behavior near the glass transition, and what it means for a high temperature liquid to be "fragile" or "strong." This dissertation presents several studies of metallic liquids using the electrostatic levitation technique. A method for determining the evaporation rate of samples is developed, an important factor for consideration in many experiments and industrial applications. It may also yield further insights when coupled with surface tension measurements, a technique for which is also developed here, with encouraging preliminary results. A method of extracting additional structural information from X-ray diffraction on a related set of alloys is presented and applied to liquid Cu-Zr alloys; this is the first time to this author's knowledge that this technique has been applied to liquids. The high-temperature viscosity of a large set of alloys is measured and it is found that they obey a simple universal curve with only two parameters. These parameters are closely related to fundamental properties of the liquid, the infinite temperature viscosity limit and the glass transition temperature. The relationship of glass-formability to kinetic and thermodynamic properties is examined in CuZrAl alloys. The existence of a structural crossover temperature is examined in the Vit106 alloy and microgravity experiment designs are presented for upcoming experiments on the International Space Station. Finally, a new procedure for acquiring and analyzing surface tension data with the oscillating drop method is developed to account for the effect of sample rotation, with results presented for a variety of samples, creating intriguing possibilities for future research



Bulk Metallic Glasses

Author : C. Suryanarayana

Publisher : CRC Press

Page : 529 pages

File Size : 28,90 MB

Release : 2017-11-22

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 1351649523

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Book Description

Reflecting the fast pace of research in the field, the Second Edition of Bulk Metallic Glasses has been thoroughly updated and remains essential reading on the subject. It incorporates major advances in glass forming ability, corrosion behavior, and mechanical properties. Several of the newly proposed criteria to predict the glass-forming ability of alloys have been discussed. All other areas covered in this book have been updated, with special emphasis on topics where significant advances have occurred. These include processing of hierarchical surface structures and synthesis of nanophase composites using the chemical behavior of bulk metallic glasses and the development of novel bulk metallic glasses with high-strength and high-ductility and superelastic behavior. New topics such as high-entropy bulk metallic glasses, nanoporous alloys, novel nanocrystalline alloys, and soft magnetic glassy alloys with high saturation magnetization have also been discussed. Novel applications, such as metallic glassy screw bolts, surface coatings, hyperthermia glasses, ultra-thin mirrors and pressure sensors, mobile phone casing, and degradable biomedical materials, are described. Authored by the world’s foremost experts on bulk metallic glasses, this new edition endures as an indispensable reference and continues to be a one-stop resource on all aspects of bulk metallic glasses.