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50 Studies Every Internist Should Know

Author : Kristopher J. Swiger

Publisher : Oxford University Press

Page : 353 pages

File Size : 42,93 MB

Release : 2015-01-15

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0199349959

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Book Description

50 Studies Every Internist Should Know presents key studies that shape today's practice of internal medicine. Selected using a rigorous methodology, the studies cover topics including: preventative medicine, endocrinology, hematology and oncology, musculoskeletal diseases, nephrology, gastroenterology, infectious diseases, cardiology, pulmonology, geriatrics and palliative care, and mental health. For each study, a concise summary is presented with an emphasis on the results and limitations of the study, and its implications for practice. An illustrative clinical case concludes each review, followed by brief information on other relevant studies. This book is a must-read for health care professionals and anyone who wants to learn more about the data behind clinical practice.



The Design of Studies for Medical Research

Author : David Machin

Publisher : John Wiley & Sons

Page : 286 pages

File Size : 42,83 MB

Release : 2005-05-13

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0470012986

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Book Description

The same careful rigour imposed on the design of phase III randomised controlled trials is not always applied to medical research in other areas such as trials conducted at earlier stages of drug development. With the emphasis that is now placed on evidence-based medicine, such care and rigour will inevitably impact on these areas with increasing attention turned to the quality of design. This title describes what principles can be used to structure research effectively allowing for the required degree of accuracy. Written by two best selling authors, this book includes many examples from medical literature and will be of great value to all groups conducting studies at the interface of clinical and laboratory research.



Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule

Author : Institute of Medicine

Publisher : National Academies Press

Page : 334 pages

File Size : 31,77 MB

Release : 2009-03-24

Category : Computers

ISBN : 0309124999

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Book Description

In the realm of health care, privacy protections are needed to preserve patients' dignity and prevent possible harms. Ten years ago, to address these concerns as well as set guidelines for ethical health research, Congress called for a set of federal standards now known as the HIPAA Privacy Rule. In its 2009 report, Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule: Enhancing Privacy, Improving Health Through Research, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information concludes that the HIPAA Privacy Rule does not protect privacy as well as it should, and that it impedes important health research.



250 Cases in Clinical Medicine E-Book

Author : Ragavendra R. Baliga

Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences

Page : 929 pages

File Size : 39,46 MB

Release : 2012-01-27

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0702050261

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Book Description

A new, fully updated edition of Baliga's very popular collection of short cases arranged by clinical area, emphasising the key diagnostic features of clinical conditions as commonly presented in the short-case part of the Final MB and MRCP examinations. Also included are likely instructions or commands expected from the examiner for each condition, and the key points which the candidate must tell the examiner. A must-have for the final-year undergraduate and trainee doctor.From customer reviews of the previous edition:'This book is the most useful guide that money can buy for the final exams in the current MBChB undergraduate course. It covers important areas of clinical medicine in a question based format and highlights classical scenarios. The questions raised are classical of examiners in the long and short case examinations. This is a must buy for any undergraduate medical student!!!''The book is a must during the period that the young doctor or student is on the wards. It allows one to focus on the important physical findings and the relavant clinical pearls associated with the different medical conditions met... It discusses important physical findings and their diagnostic importance. I have found it useful in preparing for attending ward rounds and also for sharpening my clinical skills. The discussion section is well organised such that undergraduates as well as postgraduates can benefit and the material is up to date with good references for further reading.' 'Excellent preparation for finals as well the MRCP ...MUST HAVE before MRCP PACES.'Features - Ideal for use in the ward. - Each of the 250 cases presents a disease or topic which is covered consistently to address:? salient features ? history ? examination ? diagnosis ? questions covering investigations and differentiations ? advanced-level questions ? management. New to this edition: - Over 350 new images - Enhanced advanced-level questions - Many more tables



Clinical Medicine for Physician Assistants

Author : James Van Rhee, MS, PA-C, DFAAPA

Publisher : Springer Publishing Company

Page : 1263 pages

File Size : 39,83 MB

Release : 2022-02-05

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0826182437

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Book Description

The only textbook for PA students by PA educators that covers everything you need to know for your clinical medicine courses. This groundbreaking clinical textbook designed specifically for physician assistant students was developed by PA educators to ensure that you have the exact information you need to succeed in your challenging clinical medicine courses. Designed with the unique PA curriculum in mind, Clinical Medicine for Physician Assistants addresses current ARC-PA standards, providing you with a single go-to resource for all the topics you'll need to master. Organized by body system, this text provides the in-depth, head-to-toe foundation you'll need as you prepare to move into clinical practice. Not only does it cover hundreds of clinical conditions, but it also provides important insights on how to manage the most common chief complaints, system by system, with useful algorithms to guide you through patient visits. Chapters include a digestible and methodical review of conditions, including pathophysiology, etiology, history, signs and symptoms, physical exam, and diagnosis details for each. Also included are treatment options, patient education, and special considerations for various patient populations. Additionally, you'll find key points at the end of each chapter, along with knowledge checks to help you synthesize and apply what you learned. Key Features: The first clinical medicine textbook developed for PAs by PAs specifically for the PA curriculum Designed to reflect current ARC-PA competencies and standards for clinical medicine courses Covers all the clinical topics on the current NCCPA PANCE blueprint and more Includes chapters on surgery, abuse, care of the LGBTQ+ patient population, and preventive medicine More than 300 four-color illustrations, dozens of algorithms, and 600 useful tables and boxes to facilitate learning Key points and knowledge checks to reinforce learning Useful guidance for navigating common chief complaints Robust instructor resources, including an instructor manual, PowerPoint lectures, case studies, and a test bank with more than 1,000 questions



Principles and Practice of Clinical Research

Author : John I. Gallin

Publisher : Elsevier

Page : 447 pages

File Size : 38,80 MB

Release : 2011-04-28

Category : Science

ISBN : 0080489567

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Book Description

The second edition of this innovative work again provides a unique perspective on the clinical discovery process by providing input from experts within the NIH on the principles and practice of clinical research. Molecular medicine, genomics, and proteomics have opened vast opportunities for translation of basic science observations to the bedside through clinical research. As an introductory reference it gives clinical investigators in all fields an awareness of the tools required to ensure research protocols are well designed and comply with the rigorous regulatory requirements necessary to maximize the safety of research subjects. Complete with sections on the history of clinical research and ethics, copious figures and charts, and sample documents it serves as an excellent companion text for any course on clinical research and as a must-have reference for seasoned researchers.*Incorporates new chapters on Managing Conflicts of Interest in Human Subjects Research, Clinical Research from the Patient's Perspective, The Clinical Researcher and the Media, Data Management in Clinical Research, Evaluation of a Protocol Budget, Clinical Research from the Industry Perspective, and Genetics in Clinical Research *Addresses the vast opportunities for translation of basic science observations to the bedside through clinical research*Delves into data management and addresses how to collect data and use it for discovery*Contains valuable, up-to-date information on how to obtain funding from the federal government



Transforming Clinical Research in the United States

Author : Institute of Medicine

Publisher : National Academies Press

Page : 151 pages

File Size : 39,18 MB

Release : 2010-10-22

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0309163358

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Book Description

An ideal health care system relies on efficiently generating timely, accurate evidence to deliver on its promise of diminishing the divide between clinical practice and research. There are growing indications, however, that the current health care system and the clinical research that guides medical decisions in the United States falls far short of this vision. The process of generating medical evidence through clinical trials in the United States is expensive and lengthy, includes a number of regulatory hurdles, and is based on a limited infrastructure. The link between clinical research and medical progress is also frequently misunderstood or unsupported by both patients and providers. The focus of clinical research changes as diseases emerge and new treatments create cures for old conditions. As diseases evolve, the ultimate goal remains to speed new and improved medical treatments to patients throughout the world. To keep pace with rapidly changing health care demands, clinical research resources need to be organized and on hand to address the numerous health care questions that continually emerge. Improving the overall capacity of the clinical research enterprise will depend on ensuring that there is an adequate infrastructure in place to support the investigators who conduct research, the patients with real diseases who volunteer to participate in experimental research, and the institutions that organize and carry out the trials. To address these issues and better understand the current state of clinical research in the United States, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation held a 2-day workshop entitled Transforming Clinical Research in the United States. The workshop, summarized in this volume, laid the foundation for a broader initiative of the Forum addressing different aspects of clinical research. Future Forum plans include further examining regulatory, administrative, and structural barriers to the effective conduct of clinical research; developing a vision for a stable, continuously funded clinical research infrastructure in the United States; and considering strategies and collaborative activities to facilitate more robust public engagement in the clinical research enterprise.



Small Clinical Trials

Author : Institute of Medicine

Publisher : National Academies Press

Page : 221 pages

File Size : 17,3 MB

Release : 2001-01-01

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0309171148

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Book Description

Clinical trials are used to elucidate the most appropriate preventive, diagnostic, or treatment options for individuals with a given medical condition. Perhaps the most essential feature of a clinical trial is that it aims to use results based on a limited sample of research participants to see if the intervention is safe and effective or if it is comparable to a comparison treatment. Sample size is a crucial component of any clinical trial. A trial with a small number of research participants is more prone to variability and carries a considerable risk of failing to demonstrate the effectiveness of a given intervention when one really is present. This may occur in phase I (safety and pharmacologic profiles), II (pilot efficacy evaluation), and III (extensive assessment of safety and efficacy) trials. Although phase I and II studies may have smaller sample sizes, they usually have adequate statistical power, which is the committee's definition of a "large" trial. Sometimes a trial with eight participants may have adequate statistical power, statistical power being the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the hypothesis is false. Small Clinical Trials assesses the current methodologies and the appropriate situations for the conduct of clinical trials with small sample sizes. This report assesses the published literature on various strategies such as (1) meta-analysis to combine disparate information from several studies including Bayesian techniques as in the confidence profile method and (2) other alternatives such as assessing therapeutic results in a single treated population (e.g., astronauts) by sequentially measuring whether the intervention is falling above or below a preestablished probability outcome range and meeting predesigned specifications as opposed to incremental improvement.



Understanding Clinical Research

Author : Renato D. Lopes

Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional

Page : 262 pages

File Size : 46,19 MB

Release : 2013-05-22

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0071792651

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Book Description

A complete guide to understanding and applying clinical research results Ideal for both researchers and healthcare providers Understanding Clinical Research addresses both the operational challenges of clinical trials and the needs of clinicians to comprehend the nuances of research methods to accurately analyze study results. This timely resource covers all aspects of clinical trials--from study design and statistics to regulatory oversight--and it delivers a detailed yet streamlined overview of must-know research topics. The text features an accessible three-part organization that traces the evolution of clinical research and explains the bedrock principles and unique challenges of clinical experimentation and observational research. Reinforcing this content are real-life case examples--drawn from the authors' broad experience--that put chapter concepts into action and contribute to a working knowledge of integral research techniques. FEATURES: The most definitive guide to promoting excellence in clinical research, designed to empower healthcare providers to assess a study's strengths and weaknesses with confidence and apply this knowledge to optimize patient outcomes In-depth coverage of fundamental research methods and protocols from preeminent authorities provides readers with an instructive primer and a springboard for ongoing clinical research education Clear, comprehensive three-part organization: Section One: Evolution of Clinical Research offers a succinct history of clinical trials, drug regulations, and the role of the FDA while covering the impact of information technology and academic research organizations Section Two: Principles of Clinical Experimentation takes you through the typical phases of clinical trials in the development of medical products, from initial human subject research to postapproval surveillance studies Section Three: Observational Research highlights the underlying principles, pitfalls, and methods for case-control studies, cohort studies, registries, and subgroup analyses within randomized trials



Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust

Author : Institute of Medicine

Publisher : National Academies Press

Page : 217 pages

File Size : 26,87 MB

Release : 2011-06-16

Category : Medical

ISBN : 030921646X

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Book Description

Advances in medical, biomedical and health services research have reduced the level of uncertainty in clinical practice. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) complement this progress by establishing standards of care backed by strong scientific evidence. CPGs are statements that include recommendations intended to optimize patient care. These statements are informed by a systematic review of evidence and an assessment of the benefits and costs of alternative care options. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust examines the current state of clinical practice guidelines and how they can be improved to enhance healthcare quality and patient outcomes. Clinical practice guidelines now are ubiquitous in our healthcare system. The Guidelines International Network (GIN) database currently lists more than 3,700 guidelines from 39 countries. Developing guidelines presents a number of challenges including lack of transparent methodological practices, difficulty reconciling conflicting guidelines, and conflicts of interest. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust explores questions surrounding the quality of CPG development processes and the establishment of standards. It proposes eight standards for developing trustworthy clinical practice guidelines emphasizing transparency; management of conflict of interest ; systematic review-guideline development intersection; establishing evidence foundations for and rating strength of guideline recommendations; articulation of recommendations; external review; and updating. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust shows how clinical practice guidelines can enhance clinician and patient decision-making by translating complex scientific research findings into recommendations for clinical practice that are relevant to the individual patient encounter, instead of implementing a one size fits all approach to patient care. This book contains information directly related to the work of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as various Congressional staff and policymakers. It is a vital resource for medical specialty societies, disease advocacy groups, health professionals, private and international organizations that develop or use clinical practice guidelines, consumers, clinicians, and payers.