Supply Bottlenecks: Where, Why, How Much, and What Next?


Book Description

Supply constraints hurt the economic recovery and boosted inflation in 2021. We find that in the euro area, manufacturing output and GDP would have been about 6 and 2 percent higher, respectively, and half of the rise in manufacturing producer price inflation would not have occurred in the absence of supply bottlenecks. Globally, shutdowns can explain up to 40 percent of the supply shocks. Sectors that are more reliant on differentiated inputs—such as autos—are harder hit. Late last year industry experts expected supply shortages for autos to largely dissipate by mid-2022 and broader bottlenecks by end-2022, but given the Omicron wave, disruptions will last for longer, possibly into 2023. With supply constraints adding to price pressures, the challenge for policymakers is to support recovery without allowing high inflation to become entrenched.




Strengthening Post-Hurricane Supply Chain Resilience


Book Description

Resilient supply chains are crucial to maintaining the consistent delivery of goods and services to the American people. The modern economy has made supply chains more interconnected than ever, while also expanding both their range and fragility. In the third quarter of 2017, Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria revealed some significant vulnerabilities in the national and regional supply chains of Texas, Florida, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico. The broad impacts and quick succession of these three hurricanes also shed light on the effectiveness of the nation's disaster logistics efforts during response through recovery. Drawing on lessons learned during the 2017 hurricanes, this report explores future strategies to improve supply chain management in disaster situations. This report makes recommendations to strengthen the roles of continuity planning, partnerships between civic leaders with small businesses, and infrastructure investment to ensure that essential supply chains will remain operational in the next major disaster. Focusing on the supply chains food, fuel, water, pharmaceutical, and medical supplies, the recommendations of this report will assist the Federal Emergency Management Agency as well as state and local officials, private sector decision makers, civic leaders, and others who can help ensure that supply chains remain robust and resilient in the face of natural disasters.







A New Supply Bottlenecks Index Based on Newspaper Data


Book Description

We develop a new monthly indicator of supply bottlenecks using newspaper articles. The supply bottlenecks index (SBI) provides a consistent narrative of supply issues related to wars, natural disasters, strikes and, most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic. Innovations in the SBI have important macroeconomic implications: an increase in the SBI functions as a cost-push shock, decreasing industrial production and employment, and pushing prices up, so that monetary policy faces important trade-offs.




Supply Chain Bottlenecks During COVID-19


Book Description

The pandemic uprooted the lives of millions of people around the world. To no surprise, companies faced disruptions unimaginable caused by a series of triggered events, particularly in their supply chains. Supply chain bottlenecks were seen as the primary cause of financial impacts, as costs for production increased and demand was unable to be fulfilled. With the reliance on outsourcing labor and raw materials, many industries faced supply chain crises that remained unsolved for months to follow. While supply chain issues have been disturbed before, the pandemic brought on a new set of challenges to overcome, and companies were left to make decisions on how to subsequently adapt their business models. This thesis serves to uncover the truth behind how companies handled supply chain bottlenecks, and what the financial implications were as a result. As for the research component, the information found in the literature review stems from primarily outside sources and consulting articles. The latter half of the thesis delves into interviews with various employers within leading industries affected by the pandemic, and their understanding of the damage the pandemic left behind on supply chains. Through interviews and research analysis, it was concluded that companies had no substantial changes in their business models during or post pandemic. Moreover, the overwhelming response was that companies saw supply chain bottlenecks as anomalies, or something that can be overcome. However, those that entered the pandemic with a business model conducive to flexibility saw greater success in controlling supply chain issues than those who did not.




Bottlenecks


Book Description

Bottlenecks introduces a powerful new way of understanding equal opportunity. Rather than literal equalization, Joseph Fishkin argues that Americans ought to aim to broaden the range of opportunities open to people, at every stage in life, to pursue different paths. This approach has significant implications for public policy and antidiscrimination law.




World Trade Evolution


Book Description

The book provides theoretical and empirical evidence on how world trade evolves, how trade affects resource allocation, how trade competition affects productivity, how China shock affects world trade and how trade affects large and small countries. It is a useful reference which focuses on new approaches to international trade by looking into country-specific as well as firm-product level-specific cases.




European View


Book Description

Inflation risk, supply bottlenecks, and labor shortages could derail the economic outlook for the second half of the year.







Labour Market Effects of Supply Chain Bottlenecks


Book Description

During the COVID-19 pandemic there were supply chain bottlenecks all over the world with regard to raw materials and intermediate products. In this article, we examine how these constraints affected labour market development. For an empirical panel analysis, we combine survey data and administrative labour market data for economic sectors in Germany. We find effects on unemployment that are noticeable but still relatively limited. The effect on short-time work, on the other hand, is revealed to be considerable. Whilst short-time work is traditionally imposed where there are slumps in demand, our results show that it is also used in the case of adverse supply shocks. While inflation is rising, this explains why the Phillips curve does not shift outward.