Synthetic Seeds


Book Description

This book introduces the reader to synthetic or artificial seeds, which refer to alginate encapsulated somatic embryos, vegetative buds or any other micropropagules that can be used as seeds and converted into plantlets after propagating under in vitro or in vivo conditions. Moreover, synthetic seeds retain their potential for regeneration even after low-temperature storage. The production of synthetic or artificial seeds using micropropagules opens up new vistas in agricultural biotechnology. Encapsulated propagules could be used for in vitro regeneration and mass multiplication at reasonable cost. In addition, these propagules may be used for germplasm preservation of elite plant species and the exchange of plant materials between national and international laboratories. This book offers state-of-the-art findings on methods, applications and prospects of synthetic or artificial seeds.




Synseeds


Book Description

Synseeds is the first major book devoted to synthetic seeds. It provides an outstanding state-of-the-art treatise on somatic embryogenesis, embryo dessication, coating and encapsulation technology, synthetic seed storage, controlled release for synthetic endosperm development, mechanization of synthetic seed production, direct field planning, and the status of patents. Major problems for the commercialization of synthetic seeds are discussed, and new methods for encapsulation of somatic embryos and creation of synthetic endosperm are presented. The most advanced somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis systems for alfalfa, carrots, celery, grapes, lettuce, mangos, mulberries, orchardgrass, sandalwood, soybeans, and spruce are described in detail. Synseeds also presents the latest data from major organizations conducting synthetic seed research and development. The book will be an essential reference for all researchers and students working on somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seed development.




Applications of Cell Immobilisation Biotechnology


Book Description

Cell immobilisation biotechnology is a multidisciplinary area, shown to have an important impact on many scientific subdisciplines – including biomedicine, pharmacology, cosmetology, food and agricultural sciences, beverage production, industrial waste treatment, analytical applications, biologics production. "Cell Immobilisation Biotechnology" is an outcome of the editors’ intention to collate the extensive and widespread information on fundamental aspects and applications of immobilisation/encapsulation biotechnology into a comprehensive reference work and to provide an overview of the most recent results and developments in this domain. "Cell Immobilisation Biotechnology" is divided into the two book volumes, FOBI 8A and FOBI 8B. The FOBI 8A volume, Fundamentals of Cell Immobilisation Biotechnology, is dedicated to fundamental aspects of cell immobilisation while the present volume, FOBI 8B, Applications of Cell Immobilisation Biotechnology, deals with diverse applications of this technology.




Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed I


Book Description

While working in the laboratory of Professor Dr. Jacob Reinert at the Freie Universitat Berlin (1974-1976), I had the opportunity to become deeply involved in studying the intricacies of the fascinating phenomenon of somatic embryogenesis in plant cells and protoplasts. In numerous stimu lating discussions with Professor Reinert on this subject, I was fully convinced that somatic embryogenesis would become one of the most important areas of study, not only regarding basic and fundamental aspects, but also for its application in crop improvement. During the last decade, we have witnessed tremendous interest and achievements in the use of somatic embryos for the production of synthetic seeds, for micro propagation, genetic transformation, cryopreservation, and conservation of germplasm. The en masse production of somatic embryos in the bioreactors has facilitated some of these studies. Somatic embryos have now been induced in more than 300 plant species belonging to a wide range offamilies. It was therefore felt that a compilation ofliterature/state of the art on this subject was necessary. Thus, two volumes on Somatic Embryo genesis and Synthetic Seed have been compiled, which contain 65 chapters contributed by International experts. Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed I comprises 31 chapters, arranged in 3 sections: Section I Commitment of the cell to somatic embryogenesis; early events; anatomy; molecular basis; gene expression; role of polyamines; machine vision analysis of somatic embryos. Section II Applications of somatic embryos; technology of synthetic seed; fluid drilling; micropropagation; genetic transfor mation through somatic embryos; cryopreservation.




Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed II


Book Description

While working in the laboratory of Professor Dr. Jacob Reinert at the Freie Universitat Berlin (1974-1976), I had the opportunity to become deeply involved in studying the intricacies of the fascinating phenomenon of somatic embryogenesis in plant cells and protoplasts. In numerous stimu lating discussions with Professor Reinert on this subject, I was fully convinced that somatic embryogenesis would become one of the most important areas of study, not only regarding basic and fundamental aspects, but also for its application in crop improvement. During the last decade, we have witnessed tremendous interest and achievements in the use of somatic embryos for the production of synthetic seeds, for micro prop a gation, genetic transformation, cryopreservation, and conservation of germplasm. The en masse production of somatic embryos in the bioreactors has facilitated some of these studies. Somatic embryos have now been induced in more than 300 plant species belonging to a wide range offamilies. It was therefore felt that a compilation ofliterature/state of the art on this subject was necessary. Thus, two volumes on Somatic Embryo genesis and Synthetic Seed have been compiled, which contain 65 chapters contributed by International experts. Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed I comprises 31 chapters, arranged in 3 sections: Section I Commitment of the cell to somatic embryogenesis; early events; anatomy; molecular basis; gene expression; role of polyamines; machine vision analysis of somatic embryos. Section II Applications of somatic embryos; technology of synthetic seed; fluid drilling; micropropagation; genetic transfor mation through somatic embryos; cryopreservation.




Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture


Book Description

Introduction and techniques; Introductory history; Laboratory organisation; Media; Aseptic manipulation; Basic aspects; Cell culture; Cellular totipotency; Somatic embryogenesis; Applications to plant breeding; Haploid prodution; Triploid production; In vitro pollination and fertilization; Zygotic embryo culture; Somatic hybridisation and cybridisation; Genetic transformation; Somaclonal and gametoclonal variant selection; Application to horticulture and forestry; Production of disease-free plants; clonal propagation; General applications; Industrial applications: secondary metabolite production; Germplasm conservation.




Evaluation of protoplast viability of Mirabilis jalapa and synthetic seed production


Book Description

Mirabilis jalapa a perennial, herbaceous, bushy plant that reaches stature heights of mostly 1 meter, rarely up to 2 meters, in height. It may also be grown as an annual, especially in the temperate zone. The single-seeded fruits are spherical, wrinkled and black upon maturity, having started out greenish-yellow. The stems are thick, full, quadrangular with many ramifications and rooting at the nodes. The posture is often prostrate. A curious aspect of M. jalapa is that flowers with different colors grow simultaneously on the same plant. Additionally, an individual flower can be splashed with different colors. Flower patterns are referred to as sectors (whole sections of flower), flakes (stripes of varying length), and spots. A single flower can be plain yellow, red, magenta, pink, or white, or have a combination of sectors, flakes, and spots. Furthermore, different combinations of flowers and patterns can occur on. Artificial seeds are the living seed-like structure which are made experimentally by a technique where somatic embryoids derived from plant tissue culture are encapsulated by a hydrogel and such encapsulated embryoids behave like true seeds if grown in soil and can be used as a substitute of natural seeds. different flowers of the same plant. The viability of the artificial seeds depend on several factors related to conditions of storing the seeds and parts of the flower from which the explant is obtained. The protoplast is prepared from several parts like flower, leaf, stem, root, buds and meristem. These explants are grown in different concentrations of sucrose like 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%. The production of synthetic seeds are also studied in this experiment.




In Vitro Embryogenesis in Plants


Book Description

In vitro Embryogenesis in Plants is the first book devoted exclusively to this topic. As the ultimate demonstration of totipotency in plants, somatic and haploid embryogenesis is of vital importance to all those working on or interested in basic and applied aspects of plantlet information and regeneration. The text includes comprehensive reviews written by experts, on all facts of in vitro and in vivo embryogenesis. Some chapters deal with the morphogenic, structural and developmental, physiological and biochemical, and molecular biological aspects of the subject. Chapters are also devoted to haploid embryogenesis, asexual embryogenesis in nature, zygotic embryogenesis, and zygotic embryo culture. Detailed tables summarizing successful somatic embryogenesis in all vascular plants are also included. This book, therefore, brings together previously scattered information to provide an indispensable reference book for both active researchers, graduate students and anyone interested in this aspect of tissue culture technology and plant development.




Date Palm Biotechnology Protocols Volume II


Book Description

This two-volume book is a valuable resource to students, researchers, scientists, commercial producers, consultants and policymakers interested in agriculture or plant sciences particularly in date palm biotechnology. Chapters in Date Palm Biotechnology Protocols: Volume 2: Germplasm Conservation and Molecular Breeding guides readers through methods and protocols on germplasm in vitro conservation, molecular analysis of in vitro cultures, genetic diversity, cultivar identity, gender identification, genomics, and proteomics. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Date Palm Biotechnology Protocols: Volume 2: Germplasm Conservation and Molecular Breeding aims to supplement the previous volume and to provide precise stepwise protocols in the field of date palm biotechnology.




Objective Seed Science and Technology 2nd Ed.


Book Description

Objective Seed Science and Technology is prepared based on the ICAR UG syllabus of Seed Science and Technology. This book is the compilation of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) in Seed Science and Technology which will be highly useful in writing competitive examinations like ASRB, NET, JRF, SRF, Ph.D entrance, Bank, UPSC, Agricultural, Horticultural and Seed Certification Officers. The 2nd revised Edition comprises two sections namely 1. Seed Science and Technology: Principles and Practices, and 2. Advances in Seed Physiology and Biochemistry. The section 1 consists of eight units such as floral and seed biology, seed production including breeding methods, seed processing, seed quality control, seed storage, seed health, seed industry and marketing and protection of plant varieties including DUS. The section 2 consists of three units namely seed development and maturation, seed dormancy and germination, and seed deterioration. Each chapter includes Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs), fill in the blanks, true or false, match the following, answer the incorrect statement, arrange in order and differentiate between the following. Abbreviations, National and International journals and books, International STLs, Seed Scientists and their inventions and glossaries are also compiled and presented in this book