Techniques for Project Appraisal Under Uncertainty


Book Description

The appraisal of events that have uncertain outcomes is discussed with particular reference to a feasible method for evaluating the riskiness of investment projects. The essence of the uncertainty problem is that many of the variables affecting the outcome of a particular plan are outside of the planner's control. Uncertainty, which is relevant for most decisions, is best characterized in terms of a decision agent's subjective beliefs about probabilities. The probabilistic approach lends itself best to an appraisal of possible outcomes of a project that is affected by uncertainties from many sources. Probability judgments about many basic variables and parameters affecting the final outcome can be aggregated into an estimate of the probability distribution of that final outcome. This aggregation method is demonstrated for calculation of the economic returns of a project. The method of approximation by a simulated sample is described, and its application to probability distribution rates of returns from actual projects is explained. The preparation of a mathematical model is detailed, emphasizing the usefulness of computerized calculations. Fourteen tables and nine figures are provided.




Project Appraisal Under Uncertainty


Book Description

In today's business environment, traditional capital budgeting methods are no longer adequate to reflect the dynamic world of new economy. The typical project appraisal methods are based on Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)-based measures like Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). However, they exhibit weaknesses in dealing with uncertainty, complexity and flexibility. Real options are very powerful method for evaluating project under uncertainty. Real options approach is a method of evaluating project investment decisions in an uncertain business environment.




Investment Appraisal


Book Description

This book provides an introduction to investment appraisal and presents a range of methods and models, some of which are not widely known, or at least not well covered by other textbooks. Each approach is thoroughly described, evaluated and illustrated using examples, with its assumptions and limitations analyzed in terms of their implications for investment decision-making practice. Investment decisions are of vital importance to all companies. Getting these decisions right is crucial but, due to a complex and dynamic business environment, this remains a challenging management task. Effective appraisal methods are valuable tools in supporting investment decision-making. As organisations continue to seek a competitive edge, it is increasingly important that management accountants and strategic decision-makers have a sound knowledge of these tools.




Engineering Project Appraisal


Book Description

In most cases of civil engineering development, a range of alternative schemes meeting project goals are feasible, so some form of evaluation must be carried out to select the most appropriate to take forward. Evaluation criteria usually include the economic, environmental and social contexts of a project as well as the engineering challenges, so engineers must be familiar with the processes and tools used. The second edition of Engineering Project Appraisal equips students with the understanding and analytical tools to carry out effective appraisals of alternative development schemes, using both economic and non-economic criteria. The building blocks of economic appraisal are covered early, leading to techniques such as net present worth, internal rate of return and annual worth. Cost Benefit Analysis is dealt with in detail, together with related methods such as Cost Effectiveness and the Goal Achievement Matrix. The text also details three multi-criteria models which have proved useful in the evaluation of proposals in the transportation, solid waste, energy and water resources fields: the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Model, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique and Concordance Analysis. There is a full discussion dealing with risk and uncertainty in these models. With many worked examples and case studies, Engineering Project Appraisal is an essential text for both undergraduate and postgraduate students on professional civil engineering courses, and it is expected that students on planning and construction management courses will find it a valuable addition to their reading.




Forecasting, Uncertainty, and Public Project Appraisal


Book Description

A measure of the probability of commodity price forecasts is not necessary for most project analysis, but it does give users a realistic view of the forecast's precision -- and imposes a useful discipline on the forecaster.




Appraisal, Risk and Uncertainty


Book Description

Projects need to achieve strategic goals and to that end must work in different levels of uncertainty. Engineers must be aware of methods to operate in ambiguous situations. This book offers one of the first integrated approaches to these three topics based on the views of experts in these disciplines.




Technological Risk Assessment


Book Description

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Technological Risk Assessment, Erice, Sicily, Italy, May 20-31, 1981




Taxmann’s Project Appraisal & Management – Case Study based Text, explaining all aspects of a Project from Inception to Implementation, for Professionals & Entrepreneurs


Book Description

This book is a comprehensive & well-illustrated textbook on ‘Project Appraisal & Management’. It provides comprehensive coverage of the prescribed syllabus at both postgraduate and undergraduate level of all major universities of India. This book will be helpful for postgraduate and undergraduate courses in Management and specifically for the students of MBA/M.Com./BMS/BBA/Generic Paper of B.Com. (Hons.) The Present Publication is the Reprint June 2021 Edition, authored by Prof. Rashmi Agarwal & Dr. Yogieta S. Mehra, with the following noteworthy features: · [Case Studies] Each chapter begins and ends with a real Case Study, (both successful & failed ones are included) for illustrating the application of theoretical aspects in practical corporate life · [Ready Reckoner] for professionals, budding entrepreneurs, dreamers, and start-up enthusiast · [Questions] for review are provided at the end of every chapter · [Illustrations] in every chapter to explain the concepts in a lucid manner · [Checklists] for starting a New Business and preparation of Project Reports & Business Plan The flow of the book is as follows: · Chapters 1 – 4 provides the entire ‘feasibility analysis’ to assess the viability of a project · Chapters 5 – 7 are focused on impact analysis, i.e., economic, environmental & social analysis · Chapters 9 – 11 are dedicated to all the probable entrepreneurs who seek to know more about the essentials for starting a new venture The contents of the book are as follows: · An Introduction to Project Appraisal o Project Appraisal: An Introduction o Project Appraisal Process: Steps o Project Appraisal Methodology o Project Life Cycle o Origin of Project Appraisal o Development Planning and Project Appraisal · Identification of Investment Opportunities and Market Analysis o Case Study: Patanjali Ayurved o Introduction – Market Analysis o Business Ideas o Market Feasibility Analysis o Understanding the Market o Estimating Market Size o Industry Structure o Managing Competition o Forecasting Market Growth o Develop the Sales and Marketing Plan o Digital Marketing: The New Frontier · Technical Analysis o Case Study: A Techpreneur’s Guide to Success – Shiv Nadar o Introduction – Technical Analysis o Technical Appraisal Decision Tool of the Project o The Lender’s Analysis o Key Aspects of Technology o Impact of Technology on Management of Firms · Investment Appraisal: Introduction and Techniques o Case Study: Why the King of Good Times Flew Away o Introduction – Financial Analysis o Investment Decisions & Development Planning o Financial Feasibility Analysis o Investment Decision Criteria o Concept of Time in Financial Appraisal o Investment Decision Techniques o Inter-Relationship Between NPV, BCR and IRR o Financial Feasibility Analysis o Types of Contracts o Lender’s Perspective: Appraisal of Financial Viability · Economic Analysis o Case Study: Solar Parks o Introduction: Economic Analysis o Objectives of Economic Analysis o Rationale of Social Cost-Benefit Analysis o Direct and Indirect Cost and Benefits o Shadow Price o Choice of Discount Rate o Dealing with Uncertainty o Efficiency and Equity in Project Appraisal o Institutional Framework o UNIDO Method for Social Cost-Benefit Analysis o Little Mirrlees Approach for SCBA o Indian Scenario · Environmental Analysis o Case Study: EIA of Building a Hospital Project o Introduction – Environment Analysis o Physical Manifestation of Environment Degradation o Environmental Attributes for a Project o Environment Impact Assessment o EIA and Project Life Cycle o Environmental Considerations and Discount Rate o Economic Valuation of Natural Resources o Resource Allocation o Approaches for Value Measurements · Socio-Economic Analysis o Case Study: Patna Ghats o Introduction – Social Impact Assessment o Environmental and Social Impact Assessment o Progress of SIA o Principles for Social Impact Assessment o Social Impact Assessment Methods and Tools o The SIA Process and Report o Advantages – Social Impact Assessment · Risk and Sensitivity Analysis o Case Study PAYTM: Vijay Shekhar Sharma o Introduction – Risk and Uncertainty Analysis o Uncertainty Analysis o Risk Analysis o Project Selection under Risk o Monitoring and Control of Investment Projects · Entrepreneurship Case Study: Kent RO o Introduction: Entrepreneurship o Entrepreneurship Model and Traits o Theoretical Approaches of Entrepreneurship o Entrepreneurship: The Global Scenario · New Venture: Elements for Success o Case Study: Naturally Sweet Success Story o Introduction o Creativity o Motivation for Creative Ideas and Entrepreneurship o Barriers to Creativity o Techniques to Enhance Creativity o Strategic Planning and the Entrepreneur o Franchising · Formation of a New Venture o Introduction o Financing Options for a New Venture o What is a Start-up o Checklist for Starting New Business in India o Government Initiatives for Start-ups in India o Checklist for Preparation of Project Reports and Business Plan




The Evaluation of Risk in Business Investment


Book Description

Provides finance specialists in industry and students of management with a comprehensive set of practical procedures for evaluating the total risk in the major capital investment decisions facing a business. It discusses in detail how companies can make effective use of sensitivity analyses, risk simulations and other techniques, and deals in depth with important issues, such as: How should the results of a sensitivity analysis be interpreted?; How can adequate subjective probability distributions be obtained? How can dependencies between variables be dealt with in a practical way?; The emphasis throughout is on 'how to do it' and the reader needs only a slight knowledge of statistics. A particularly important feature of the book is the FORTRAN subroutines in Appendices A and B which the author prepared for calculating risk evaluations




Appraisal and Selection of Projects


Book Description

Project appraisal is the process of assessing the viability of a project in a systemic way at its initial ‘idea’ stage when information is minimal, but the decision, whether to go ahead with the project, is important. This book deals with the principles and practice of such appraisal process. It covers all the financial and economic aspects, including market and technical analysis, environmental appraisal, life cycle costing and SWOT analysis. This book starts with the basics of the subject followed by analysis of the project proposals from different perspectives for ascertaining their viabilities, including a brief discussion on uncertainty and risk analysis, important tools, and techniques. This book covers projects in almost all domains, such as engineering, management, medical science and so forth. Focuses on all possible aspects of project appraisal and selection Emphasizes differences from public and private projects in terms of financial and economic evaluations Provides step-by-step methods of analysis of multiple issues involved in the initial appraisal of projects Includes sections on ‘lessons learned' and 'learning from experience’ illustrating applications of the process and implications Covers feasibility analysis, including both technical aspects and financial evaluation This book is aimed at professionals, graduate students in civil and industrial engineering, business management, project management, project appraisal, including entrepreneurs for their start-up projects. Utpal K. Ghosh is a Chartered Engineer, a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers (India), a Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers (UK) and a Member of the Institution of Structural Engineers (UK).