Términos críticos de sociología de la cultura


Book Description

En los ultimos anos la sociologia de la cultura ha visto reverdecer sus credenciales. Esta vuelta no tiene, sin embargo, el caracter de una restitucion de la empresa que se asocia con los nombres de Max Scheler, Alfred Weber y, sobre todo, Karl Mannheim es decir, la clasica sociologia de la cultura . Aunque este sector del analisis social nunca fue un campo teoricamente unitario, el conjunto de estudios que se desarrollo bajo ese nombre, casi como una especialidad alemana, entre las decadas de 1920 y 1930, tenian en comun el que eran concebidos como contribuciones a una sociologia del espiritu. Pues bien, la cultura humanistica, que seguia obrando normativamente en la clasica sociologia de la cultura, ya no inspira las nuevas perspectivas sociologicas, donde se refleja, en cambio, la importacion de enfoques, esquemas y conceptos de otras disciplinas del mundo social. Los autores cuya influencia se invoca con mas frecuencia al hablar de la reanimacion de la sociologia de la cultura Pierre Bourdieu, Raymond Williams o Clifford Geertz dificilmente podrian ser identificados como expositores de una misma concepcion. Hay quienes dicen, por ello, que actualmente esta en curso una nueva sociologia de la cultura, que habria comenzado a forjarse ya en la decada de 1970, aunque solo recientemente comenzara a ser reconocida por el resto de la disciplina sociologica. Todos estos elementos fueron tenidos en cuenta al seleccionar los terminos de esta obra, destinada a proporcionar un mapa actual de la sociologia de la cultura. Aun cuando se renunciara a toda pretension de exhaustividad, el caudal lexico no podia ignorar ni los dominios y conceptos que provenian del periodo clasico de la disciplinacomo la sociologia del conocimiento o de la religion, o el concepto de ideologia ni los temas, nociones y enfoques que han surgido del fermento mas reciente. Ahora bien, un repertorio de este tipo solo podia ser fruto de la reunion de varias competencias, de la colaboracion intelectual entre sociologos y criticos literarios, historiadores y semiologos, especialistas en educacion y en medios masivos de comunicacion. Mas todavia: si se echaba de menos un instrumento asi en America Latina, por que no producirlo con el concurso de los estudiosos del subcontinente? En efecto, una obra de estas caracteristicas no podia ignorar la reflexion ni la investigacion latinoamericanas. Los mas creativos de los intelectuales latinoamericanos han actuado en este dominio como aconsejaba Jorge Luis Borges a los escritores sudamericanos: tomar como propia toda la tradicion occidental y manejar sus temas sin fetichismo y ninguna supersticion de escuela. La respuesta de quienes fueron invitados a colaborar y que hicieron posible este libro no ha podido ser mas alentadora.




Worldviews and Cultures


Book Description

Globalization brings people and cultures together, producing, in addition to deep and rich encounters, exclusion, racism, xenophobia and asymmetries. The present book takes these issues implicitly as its starting point by thoroughly reflecting on them from a perspective of worldviews, as one of many approaches. More specifically, it focuses on people’s implicit and explicit interpretations and assumptions of the world, of themselves and of others. Often deeply rooted and hard to change, they have an important function, for without them we would continually need to question what we do and what we think. In their absolutist form, these assumptions may become a barrier for open-mindedness, and hence for deep intercultural understanding and exchange. We need to find a balance between both stances. Intercultural philosophy tries to fulfil this role, on the one hand by comparing different cultures on a deep philosophical level, and as a way to better understand each other’s core assumptions, and on the other hand by arguing for an intercultural philosophy grounded in specific cases. The contributions of this book conceive of "another possible world" which does not condemn cultural and religious diversity as a detonator for "Clashes of Civilizations", but rather welcomes it as a source of inspiration for all and of respect for the "different".







Other Worlds


Book Description

Respected film critic Gonzalo Aguilar offers a lucid and sophisticated analysis of Argentine films of the last decade. This is the most complete and up-to-date work in English to examine the 'new Argentine cinema' phenomenon. Aguilar looks at highly relevant films, including those by Lucrecia Martel and Sergio Rejtman.




Institutions of World Literature


Book Description

This volume engages critically with the recent and ongoing consolidation of "world literature" as a paradigm of study. On the basis of an extended, active, and ultimately more literary sense of what it means to institute world literature, it views processes of institutionalization not as limitations, but as challenges to understand how literature may simultaneously function as an enabling and exclusionary world of its own. It starts from the observation that literature is never simply a given, but is always performatively and materially instituted by translators, publishers, academies and academics, critics, and readers, as well as authors themselves. This volume therefore substantiates, refines, as well as interrogates current approaches to world literature, such as those developed by David Damrosch, Pascale Casanova, and Emily Apter. Sections focus on the poetics of writers themselves, market dynamics, postcolonial negotiations of discrete archives of literature, and translation, engaging a range of related disciplines. The chapters contribute to a fresh understanding of how singular literary works become inserted in transnational systems and, conversely, how transnational and institutional dimensions of literature are inflected in literary works. Focusing its methodological and theoretical inquiries on a broad archive of texts spanning the triangle Europe-Latin America-Africa, the volume unsettles North America as the self-evident vantage of recent world literature debates. Because of the volume’s focus on dialogues between world literature and fields such as postcolonial studies, translation studies, book history, and transnational studies, it will be of interest to scholars and students in a range of areas.




Multiple Experiences of Modernity


Book Description

Contemporary theories of modernity recognize the plurality or "multiplicity" of modernities. Often the differences are seen as institutional or cultural differences. Although this sort of research is important it cannot be ignored that it does not provide a clear understanding of the "human consequences". The tradition that today is known under the name of Critical Theory, on the contrary, has been interested always first of all in the human consequences. This book wants to follow this ambition. The question it tries to search answers for is: what are the experiences that human beings are making in and within global modernity? Another question is important: what are the affinities and what are the differences. Also Critical Theory was mainly interested in the Western experiences with and within global modernity. The book will challenge this limited view by looking how modernities is experienced in other parts of the world.




Educational Assessment in Latin America


Book Description

This collection presents educational assessment research from Latin America, adding to a relatively small but growing body of research considering educational assessment and evaluation issues in this large region. The predominance of Chile reflects its early highly centralized education system, and the fact that it adopted national testing before other Latin American countries. It was also an early participant in international assessment programmes. Other countries have followed the trend of implementing national testing, and to a lesser extent participating in international surveys. The complementary development of technical expertise in quantitative research methods has enabled extensive analysis of the large data sets generated by these testing and assessment programmes. Taken together, the evidence reported provides a means not only of reviewing educational quality issues in Latin America, but also of facilitating comparisons that allow the context specificity of equivalent research conducted in western developed countries to be considered. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice.




Women and Religion


Book Description

This edited collection provides interdisciplinary, global, and multi-religious perspectives on the relationship between women’s identities, religion, and social change in the contemporary world. The book discusses the experiences and positions of women, and particular groups of women, to understand patterns of religiosity and religious change. It also addresses the current and future challenges posed by women’s changes to religion in different parts of the world and among different religious traditions and practices. The contributors address a diverse range of themes and issues including the attitudes of different religions to gender equality; how women construct their identity through religious activity; whether women have opportunity to influence religious doctrine; and the impact of migration on the religious lives of both women and men.




Testimonios de enseñar y aprender


Book Description

En esta obra, la autora recorre, desde las memorias de testigos y protagonistas -estudiantes y docentes de entonces-, el camino que siguió la psicología para, desde la creación de la Carrera en la UBA en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, constituirse en una profesión, con un campo disciplinario y práctico propio. La recolección y el análisis de testimonios originales ponen una marca distintiva a esta producción que así aporta al debate sobre el pasado y el futuro de la Universidad.




Gendered Spaces in Argentine Women's Literature


Book Description

Addressing the issue of how gendered spatial relations impact the production of literary works, this book discusses gender implications of spatial categories: the notions of home and away, placement and displacement, dwelling and travel, location and dislocation, and the 'quest for place' in women's writing from Argentina from 1920 to the present.