The Africa Multi-country AIDS Program, 2000-2006


Book Description

This study documents the results to which the World Bank's Multi-Country AIDS Program (MAP) financing in Africa has contributed over the last five years ("What has the MAP achieved?"). It uses extensive and detailed data from surveys and national HIV and AIDS programs from 30 MAP countries that are not usually publicly available or captured in routine World Bank reporting systems. It introduces a new Results Scorecard and Framework for better measuring and reporting on results of Bank-financed HIV/AIDS programs in Africa in the future. The book shows that the MAP has dramatically increased access to HIV prevention, care and treatment across Africa. MAP funding has supported children orphaned by AIDS, prevented mother-to-child transmission, helped countries build capacity for scaled up, more effective national responses to HIV and AIDS, including providing treatment. Regional programs are addressing cross-border issues and countries are sharing knowledge and experiences. A unique feature of the MAP is its emphasis on channeling money to communities, grass-roots initiatives, civil-society organizations and NGOs; [ten /fifteen] personal stories from people and groups in Uganda, Ethiopia and Rwanda offer powerful examples of how the MAP has improved health and lives, reduced stigma, and given new hope to people infected and affected by HIV across the continent.




Review of National HIV/AIDS Strategies for Countries Participating in the World Bank's Africa Multi-Country AIDS Program


Book Description

The overall development objective of the World Bank's Multi-Country HIV/AIDS Program (MAP) for the Africa Region is to increase access to HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and treatment programs, with emphasis on vulnerable groups. The specific development objectives of each country project are to be drawn from the national strategic plans. Accordingly, "satisfactory evidence of a strategic approach to HIV/AIDS" is one of four eligibility criteria. This is to be demonstrated by "a coherent, national, multi-sector strategy and action plan for HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and treatment that has been developed through a participatory approach using social assessment techniques. It could also be demonstrated by having a participatory strategic planning process underway, with a clear roadmap and timetable" Accordingly, the objective of this review is to assess the extent to which national HIV/AIDS plans represent a strategic approach to addressing the epidemic. Evidence of a strategic approach includes: clear goals; explicit priorities; systematic planning, targets, timeframes, and indicators; clear plans for monitoring and evaluation; clearly specified implementing actors and responsibilities; and cost estimates and strategies for resource mobilization. Additional characteristics of a strategic approach are the extent to which plans are efficient, equitable, relevant, and feasible. National HIV/AIDS strategic plans from 21 of the 23 Sub-Saharan African countries participating in the MAP as of July 2003 are reviewed. Table 1 lists the countries, their populations and GNP per capita, estimated HIV prevalence (given in the plans), and timeframes of the plans. Appendix A1 lists the national strategies reviewed.







The World Bank and HIV/AIDS


Book Description

The governance of the HIV/AIDS pandemic has come to represent a multi-faceted and complex operation in which the World Bank has set and sustained the global agenda for by the World Bank. The governance of HIV/ AIDS. Through economic incentive they have restructured the is a political foundations of countries in sub-Saharan Africa and the pursuit of change in state, project that seeks to embed liberal practice through individual, state, and societal community behaviour. At the heart of this practice is the drive to impose blueprint neoliberal market-based solutions on a personal-global issue. This book unravels how the Bank’s good governance agenda and commitment to participation, ownership and transparency manifests itself in practice, through the Multi-Country AIDS Program (MAP), and crucially how it is pushing an agenda that sees a shift in both global health interventions and state configuration in sub-Saharan Africa. The book considers the mechanisms used by the Bank – and the problems therein – to engage the state, civil society and the individual in responding to the HIV/AIDS crisis, and how these mechanisms have been exported to other global projects such as the Global Fund and UNAIDS. Harman argues in conclusion that not only has the Bank set the global agenda for HIV/AIDS, but underpinning this is a wider commitment to liberal governance reform through neoliberal incentive. Making an important contribution to our understanding of global governance and international politics, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of politics, international political economy, international relations, development studies and civil society.




Public Health Aspects of HIV/AIDS in Low and Middle Income Countries


Book Description

It has now been 25 years since the apocryphal report in the CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report dated June 5, 1981 entitled, “Pneumocystis Pneumonia - Los Angeles”, which announced what was to become HIV/AIDS. HIV has now affected virtually all countries that have looked for it and has had a devastating impact on the public health and medical care infrastructure around the world. HIV/AIDS has also disproportionately affected nations with the least capacity to confront it, especially the developing world nations in Sub-Saharan Africa, South and Southeast Asia, and the emerging republics of Eastern and Central Asia. The pandemic, unlike any other disease of our time, has had profound impacts on the practice of public health itself: bringing affected communities into decision making; demanding North-South partnerships and collaborations; and changing the basic conduct of clinical and prevention trials research. While much has been written in scholarly publications for medical, epidemiologic and disease control specialists, there is no comprehensive review of the public health impact and response to HIV/AIDS in the developing world. This edited volume seeks to systematically describe the emergence and form of the epidemics (epidemiology), the social, community and political response, and the various measures to confront and control the epidemic, with varying levels of success. Of particular importance are strategies that appear to have been useful in ameliorating the epidemic, while contrasting the situation in a neighboring country or region where contrasting prevention or care initiatives have had a deleterious outcome. Common to all responses has been the international multi-sectoral response represented by the Global Fund for HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, and the Gates Foundation, among others, to promote HIV pharmacologic therapy in resource-poor settings. The chapter authors will explore the political challenges in meeting HIV/AIDS prevention and care in concert with the public health realities in specific country and regional context.




HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa


Book Description

This book explains how issues of governance lie at the heart of understanding and combating the HIV/AIDS crisis in Africa. It reviews the debates surrounding the root causes of the pandemic and its continuing proliferation and examines the local and global socio-political forces that have contributed to the spread and impact of the disease.




Strategic Approach to the Evaluation of Programs Implemented Under the Tom Lantos and Henry J. Hyde U.S. Global Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Reauthorization Act of 2008


Book Description

At the request of Congress, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) will evaluate U.S. global programs to address HIV/AIDS. This book outlines the IOM's strategic approach for this evaluation.




AIDS at 30


Book Description

Society was not prepared in 1981 for the appearance of a new infectious disease, but we have since learned that emerging and reemerging diseases will continue to challenge humanity. AIDS at 30 is the first history of HIV/AIDS written for a general audience that emphasizes the medical response to the epidemic. Award-winning medical historian Victoria A. Harden approaches the AIDS virus from philosophical and intellectual perspectives in the history of medical science, discussing the process of scientific discovery, scientific evidence, and how laboratories found the cause of AIDS and developed therapeutic interventions. Similarly, her book places AIDS as the first infectious disease to be recognized simultaneously worldwide as a single phenomenon. After years of believing that vaccines and antibiotics would keep deadly epidemics away, researchers, doctors, patients, and the public were forced to abandon the arrogant assumption that they had conquered infectious diseases. By presenting an accessible discussion of the history of HIV/AIDS and analyzing how aspects of society advanced or hindered the response to the disease, AIDS at 30 illustrates for both medical professionals and general readers how medicine identifies and evaluates new infectious diseases quickly and what political and cultural factors limit the medical community’s response.




Human Dignity and the Future of Global Institutions


Book Description

What does human dignity mean and what role should it play in guiding the mission of international institutions? In recent decades, global institutions have proliferated—from intergovernmental organizations to hybrid partnerships. The specific missions of these institutions are varied, but is there a common animating principle to inform their goals? Presented as an integrated, thematic analysis that transcends individual contributions, Human Dignity and the Future of Global Institutions argues that the concept of human dignity can serve as this principle. Human dignity consists of the agency of individuals to apply their gifts to thrive, and requires social recognition of each person's inherent value and claim to equal access to opportunity. Contributors examine how traditional and emerging institutions are already advancing human dignity, and then identify strategies to make human dignity more central to the work of global institutions. They explore traditional state-created entities, as well as emergent, hybrid institutions and faith-based organizations. Concluding with a final section that lays out a path for a cross-cultural dialogue on human dignity, the book offers a framework to successfully achieve the transformation of global politics into service of the individual.




Education and HIV/AIDS


Book Description

"Examines the relationship HIV/AIDS has with education in different international contexts, from Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe, the USA, UK, and the Caribbean"-- Provided by publisher.