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The Biological Fractionation of Isotopes

Author : Eric Galimov

Publisher : Elsevier

Page : 282 pages

File Size : 39,2 MB

Release : 2012-12-02

Category : Science

ISBN : 0323157858

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Book Description

The Biological Fractionation of Isotopes focuses on the biological fractionation of isotopes and presents calculations of the thermodynamic isotopic beta factor for polyatomic carbon compounds. This book provides experimental and theoretical evidence of the phenomenon of thermodynamically ordered distribution of isotopes in biological systems. This book consists of 12 chapters and opens with an overview of the causes of fractionation of isotopes, along with concepts such as isotopic composition and isotopic effects. The discussion then turns to the isotopic composition of the carbon of organisms; a method of calculating the thermodynamic isotopic factors of polyatomic compounds; and results of experimental investigations of intermolecular and intramolecular isotopic effects. A theoretical model of biological fractionation of isotopes is also described. The following chapters explore the regularities of the biological distribution of isotopes and present the results of some biochemical experiments, including the enzymatic decarboxylation of pyruvate and microbiological oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid. In addition, the geologic aspects of thermodynamically ordered isotopic distributions in biological products are analyzed. This monograph will be of interest to biologists, geochemists, analytical chemists, and geologists.



Stable Isotope Ecology

Author : Brian Fry

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 318 pages

File Size : 20,75 MB

Release : 2007-01-15

Category : Science

ISBN : 0387337458

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Book Description

A solid introduction to stable isotopes that can also be used as an instructive review for more experienced researchers and professionals. The book approaches the use of isotopes from the perspective of ecological and biological research, but its concepts can be applied within other disciplines. A novel, step-by-step spreadsheet modeling approach is also presented for circulating tracers in any ecological system, including any favorite system an ecologist might dream up while sitting at a computer. The author’s humorous and lighthearted style painlessly imparts the principles of isotope ecology. The online material contains color illustrations, spreadsheet models, technical appendices, and problems and answers.



Stable Isotopes and Plant Carbon-Water Relations

Author :

Publisher : Elsevier

Page : 581 pages

File Size : 44,93 MB

Release : 2012-12-02

Category : Science

ISBN : 0080918018

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Book Description

This 33-chapter volume presents a critical examination of the importance of stable isotopes in understanding key plant metabolic processes. - Carbon isotope analyses for estimates of plant water use and metabolism - Integrated estimates of stress impacts and life history in ecological systems - Hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses for evaluating water sources and transpiration - Use of stable isotopes in scaling from leaf to global levels - Sections include: History and Theoretical Considerations, Ecological Aspects of Carbon Isotope Variation, Agricultural Aspects of Carbon Isotope Variation, Genetics and Isotopic Variation, Water Relations and Isotopic Composition



Carbon Cycling in the Glacial Ocean: Constraints on the Ocean’s Role in Global Change

Author : Rainer Zahn

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 579 pages

File Size : 32,52 MB

Release : 2013-06-29

Category : Science

ISBN : 3642787371

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Book Description

A comprehensive progress report on the multi-disciplinary field of ocean and climate change research is given. It compiles introductory background papers and leading scientific results on the ocean-atmosphere carbon cycle with emphasis on the ocean's carbon inventory and the various components involved. The relationship between plankton productivity, carbon fixation, oceanic PCO2 and climate change is investigated from the viewpoint of long-term climatic change during the late Quaternary cycles of ice ages and warm ages. The various approaches range from micropaleontology over organic and trace element geochemistry to molecular isotope geochemistry.



Encyclopedia of Geochemistry

Author : C.P. Marshall

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 677 pages

File Size : 44,64 MB

Release : 1999-07-31

Category : Science

ISBN : 0412755009

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Book Description

This is a complete and authoritative reference text on an evolving field. Over 200 international scientists have written over 340 separate topics on different aspects of geochemistry including organics, trace elements, isotopes, high and low temperature geochemistry, and ore deposits, to name just a few.



Stable Isotope Geochemistry

Author : John W. Valley

Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Page : 676 pages

File Size : 33,25 MB

Release : 2018-12-17

Category : Science

ISBN : 1501508741

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Book Description

Volume 43 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry follows the 1986 Reviews in Mineralogy (Vol. 16) in approach but reflects significant changes in the field of Stable Isotope Geochemistry. In terms of new technology, new sub-disciplines, and numbers of researchers, the field has changed more in the past decade than in any other since that of its birth. Unlike the 1986 volume, which was restricted to high temperature fields, this book covers a wider range of disciplines. However, it would not be possible to fit a comprehensive review into a single volume. Our goal is to provide state-of-the-art reviews in chosen subjects that have emerged or advanced greatly since 1986. This volume was prepared for Short Course on Stable Isotope Geochemistry presented November 2-4, 2001 in conjunction with the annual meetings of the Geological Society of America in Boston, Massachusetts.



Non-Traditional Stable Isotopes

Author : Fang-Zhen Teng

Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Page : 902 pages

File Size : 13,97 MB

Release : 2017-03-06

Category : Science

ISBN : 3110545632

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Book Description

The development of multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) makes it possible to precisely measure non-traditional stable isotopes. This volume reviews the current status of non-traditional isotope geochemistry from analytical, theoretical, and experimental approaches to analysis of natural samples. In particular, important applications to cosmochemistry, high-temperature geochemistry, low-temperature geochemistry, and geobiology are discussed. This volume provides the most comprehensive review on non-traditional isotope geochemistry for students and researchers who are interested in both the theory and applications of non-traditional stable isotope geochemistry.



Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology

Author : C. Kendall

Publisher : Elsevier

Page : 870 pages

File Size : 33,5 MB

Release : 2012-12-02

Category : Science

ISBN : 008092915X

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Book Description

This book represents a new "earth systems" approach to catchments that encompasses the physical and biogeochemical interactions that control the hydrology and biogeochemistry of the system. The text provides a comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals of catchment hydrology, principles of isotope geochemistry, and the isotope variability in the hydrologic cycle -- but the main focus of the book is on case studies in isotope hydrology and isotope geochemistry that explore the applications of isotope techniques for investigating modern environmental problems. Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology is the first synthesis of physical hydrology and isotope geochemistry with catchment focus, and is a valuable reference for professionals and students alike in the fields of hydrology, hydrochemistry, and environmental science. This important interdisciplinary text provides extensive guidelines for the application of isotope techniques for all investigatores facing the challenge of protecting precious water, soil, and ecological resources from the ever-increasing problems associated with population growth and environmental change, including those from urban development and agricultural land uses.



Using Geochemical Data

Author : Hugh Rollinson

Publisher : Cambridge University Press

Page : 359 pages

File Size : 36,38 MB

Release : 2021-05-06

Category : Science

ISBN : 1108803822

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Book Description

This textbook is a complete rewrite, and expansion of Hugh Rollinson's highly successful 1993 book Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation. Rollinson and Pease's new book covers the explosion in geochemical thinking over the past three decades, as new instruments and techniques have come online. It provides a comprehensive overview of how modern geochemical data are used in the understanding of geological and petrological processes. It covers major element, trace element, and radiogenic and stable isotope geochemistry. It explains the potential of many geochemical techniques, provides examples of their application, and emphasizes how to interpret the resulting data. Additional topics covered include the critical statistical analysis of geochemical data, current geochemical techniques, effective display of geochemical data, and the application of data in problem solving and identifying petrogenetic processes within a geological context. It will be invaluable for all graduate students, researchers, and professionals using geochemical techniques.



Isotopes

Author : Rob Ellam

Publisher : Oxford University Press

Page : 153 pages

File Size : 49,81 MB

Release : 2016

Category : Science

ISBN : 0198723628

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Book Description

Isotopes are used in many areas of science and technology, including medicine, archaeology, and nuclear physics. They are central to our understanding of the Earth's past and current processes. Here, Rob Ellam explains the importance and applications of stable and radioactive isotopes.