Author : Raphael Franck
Publisher :
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 14,25 MB
Release : 2016
Category :
ISBN :
The research explores the effect of industrialization on human capital formation. Exploiting exogenous regional variations in the adoption of steam engines across France, the study establishes that in contrast to conventional wisdom that views early industrialization as a predominantly deskilling process, the industrial revolution was conducive for human capital formation, generating broad increases in literacy rates and education attainment.
Author : Raphaël Franck
Publisher :
Page : 71 pages
File Size : 32,3 MB
Release : 2017
Category : Economic development
ISBN :
The research explores the effect of industrialization on human capital formation. Exploiting exogenous regional variations in the adoption of steam engines across France, the study establishes that, in contrast to conventional wisdom that views early industrialization as a predominantly deskilling process, the industrial revolution was conducive for human capital formation, generating wide-ranging gains in literacy rates and educational attainment.
Author : Jonas Ljungberg
Publisher : Springer
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 43,26 MB
Release : 2004-10-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0230523811
One theme of this volume is whether the complementarity between technology and human capital is a recent phenomenon, or whether it can be traced through history. Different approaches to human capital as well as technology are applied, and besides historical surveys are total factor productivity and patent data employed. The studies deal with the Iberian peninsula, Scandinavia, and Canada, countries displaying different patterns in the international development.
Author : Raphael Franck
Publisher :
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 21,38 MB
Release : 2016
Category :
ISBN :
The research explores the effect of industrialization on human capital formation. Exploiting exogenous regional variations in the adoption of steam engines across France, the study establishes that, in contrast to conventional wisdom that views early industrialization as a predominantly deskilling process, the industrial revolution was conducive for human capital formation, generating broad increases in literacy rates and educational attainment.
Author : Klaus Schwab
Publisher : Currency
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 23,96 MB
Release : 2017-01-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1524758876
World-renowned economist Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, explains that we have an opportunity to shape the fourth industrial revolution, which will fundamentally alter how we live and work. Schwab argues that this revolution is different in scale, scope and complexity from any that have come before. Characterized by a range of new technologies that are fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds, the developments are affecting all disciplines, economies, industries and governments, and even challenging ideas about what it means to be human. Artificial intelligence is already all around us, from supercomputers, drones and virtual assistants to 3D printing, DNA sequencing, smart thermostats, wearable sensors and microchips smaller than a grain of sand. But this is just the beginning: nanomaterials 200 times stronger than steel and a million times thinner than a strand of hair and the first transplant of a 3D printed liver are already in development. Imagine “smart factories” in which global systems of manufacturing are coordinated virtually, or implantable mobile phones made of biosynthetic materials. The fourth industrial revolution, says Schwab, is more significant, and its ramifications more profound, than in any prior period of human history. He outlines the key technologies driving this revolution and discusses the major impacts expected on government, business, civil society and individuals. Schwab also offers bold ideas on how to harness these changes and shape a better future—one in which technology empowers people rather than replaces them; progress serves society rather than disrupts it; and in which innovators respect moral and ethical boundaries rather than cross them. We all have the opportunity to contribute to developing new frameworks that advance progress.
Author : Joel Mokyr
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 472 pages
File Size : 32,59 MB
Release : 2018-02-06
Category : History
ISBN : 0429974191
The Industrial Revolution remains a defining moment in the economic history of the modern world. But what kind and how much of a revolution was it? And what kind of ?moment? could it have been? These are just some of the larger questions among the many that economic historians continue to debate. Addressing the various interpretations and assumptions that have been attached to the concept of the Industrial Revolution, Joel Mokyr and his four distinguished contributors present and defend their views on essential aspects of the Industrial Revolution. In this revised edition, all chapters?including Mokyr's extensive introductory survey and evaluation of research in this field?are updated to consider arguments and findings advanced since the volume's initial 1993 publication. Like its predecessor, the revised edition of The British Industrial Revolution is an essential book for economic historians and, indeed, for any historian of Great Britain in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Author : Leah Platt Boustan
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 419 pages
File Size : 24,89 MB
Release : 2014-11-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 022616389X
This volume honours the contributions Claudia Goldin has made to scholarship and teaching in economic history and labour economics. The chapters address some closely integrated issues: the role of human capital in the long-term development of the American economy, trends in fertility and marriage, and women's participation in economic change.
Author : Joel Mokyr
Publisher :
Page : 51 pages
File Size : 13,51 MB
Release : 2019
Category : Economic history
ISBN :
Measures of human capital correlate strongly with technological change and economic growth across regions. However, the endogeneity of these measures complicated this interpretation. This paper aims to identify the causal effect of human capital in the context of Britain's industrialization in the eighteenth century, by uncovering the geographical origins of its highly skilled mechanical labor. We achieve this by exploiting the persistent effect of the spatial location of early medieval watermills across England (as registered in Domesday Book in 1086) on the spatial distribution of a specific group of mechanical workmen known as wrights, who specialized in building watermills, and using the exogenous source of cross-district variation in geographical suitability for the construction of watermills in the early medieval period, to instrument for the availability of wrights in the first half of the eighteenth century (1710-50). In the case of England, the mechanical skills that evolved in response to the extensive adoption of watermills for grinding in the early middle ages, were complementary to technological change and turned out to be an important power behind England's leadership in the second half of the eighteenth century.
Author : Mara P. Squicciarini
Publisher :
Page : 53 pages
File Size : 42,31 MB
Release : 2014
Category : Economics
ISBN :
While human capital is a strong predictor of economic development today, its importance for the Industrial Revolution is typically assessed as minor. To resolve this puzzling contrast, we differentiate average human capital (worker skills) from upper tail knowledge both theoretically and empirically. We build a simple spatial model, where worker skills raise the local productivity in a given technology, while scientific knowledge enables local entrepreneurs to keep up with a rapidly advancing technological frontier. The model predicts that the local presence of knowledge elites is unimportant in the pre-industrial era, but drives growth thereafter; worker skills, in contrast, are not crucial for growth. To measure the historical presence of knowledge elites, we use city-level subscriptions to the famous Encyclopédie in mid-18th century France. We show that subscriber density is a strong predictor of city growth after 1750, but not before the onset of French industrialization. Alternative measures of development confirm this pattern: soldier height and industrial activity are strongly associated with subscriber density after, but not before, 1750. Literacy, on the other hand, does not predict growth. Finally, by joining data on British patents with a large French firm survey from 1837, we provide evidence for the mechanism: upper tail knowledge raised the productivity in innovative industrial technology.
Author : B. Zorina Khan
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,10 MB
Release : 2015
Category : Economic development
ISBN :
Endogenous growth models raise fundamental questions about the nature of human creativity, and the sorts of resources, skills, and knowledge inputs that shift the frontier of technology and production possibilities. Many argue that the nature of early British industrialization supports the thesis that economic advances depend on specialized scientific training or the acquisition of costly human capital. This paper examines the contributions of different types of knowledge to British industrialization, by assessing the backgrounds, education and inventive activity of the major contributors to technological advances in Britain during the crucial period between 1750 and 1930. The results indicate that scientists, engineers or technicians were not well-represented among the British great inventors until very late in the nineteenth century. Instead, important discoveries and British industrial advances were achieved by individuals who exercised commonplace skills and entrepreneurial abilities to resolve perceived industrial problems. For developing countries today, the implications are that costly investments in specialized human capital resources might be less important than incentives for creativity, flexibility, and the ability to make incremental adjustments that can transform existing technologies into inventions that are appropriate for prevailing domestic conditions.
