The Determinants of Demand for Life Insurance


Book Description

The thesis has examined the role of selected socioeconomic factors (including income) as well as product market factors on the demand for life insurance. Applying the empirical approach of Li et al. (2007) with some minor model adjustments it could be shown that income (measured as GDP per capita) as well as the dependency ratio and the social security expenses can be regarded as a powerful predictor of life insurance demand. The model was applied on an annual dataset from 2000 to 2017 for the countries of Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States and the emerging countries of Brazil and China. Due to data availability issues for Brazil and China, these countries needed to be excluded from the calculation. The study has also shed some doubt on the role of factors like life expectancy, education, financial development, foreign market share and inflation as to their ability to predict life insurance demand. As the study is restricted to the selected group of advanced economies, further work in emerging economies is propagated. However, for such work to perform empirically, data availability and data construction issues have to be solved by the providers of such data.




Determinants of Life Insurance Consumption Across Countries


Book Description

The importance of life insurance companies as part of the financial sector has significantly increased over the past decades, both as provider of important financial services to consumers and as a major investor in the capital market. However, the authors still observe a large variance in life insurance consumption across countries, which raises the question of its determinants. The authors use a greatly expanded data set on life insurance consumption to examine the determinants of the demand and supply of life insurance products across countries and over time. Using a cross-sectional sample of 63 countries averaged over 1980-96, the authors find that educational attainment, banking sector development, and inflation are the most robust predictors of life insurance consumption, while income is only a weak predictor. The results on educational attainment and inflation are confirmed in a panel of 23 countries over the period 1960-96. The results strengthen the case for promoting price stability, financial sector reform, and an efficient education system if life insurance and its many benefits are to be fully realized in an economy.




The Demand for Life Insurance


Book Description

This book, adopting machine learning techniques for the financial planning field, explores the demand for life insurance as seen in previous literature and both estimates and predicts the demand for the adoption of life insurance using these techniques. Previous studies used diverse perspectives, like actuarial and life span, in order to understand the demand for life insurance, though these approaches have shown inconsistent findings. Employing two theoretical backgrounds—ecological systemic theory and artificial intellectual methodology—this book explores a better estimation and a prediction of the demand for life insurance and will be of interest to academics and students of insurance, financial planning, and risk management.










Life Insurance Demand


Book Description

The purpose of this study is to estimate the influence of microeconomic determinants for men and women on life insurance purchase decisions. Indeed, only a few papers have tried to justify rigorously the gender-based differences in life insurance ownership. Based on survey data collected by the Bank of Italy in 2012 (the Survey on Income and Households) we estimate the propensity to buy and the willingness to pay for a life insurance contract. We examine the differences between two types of contracts, i.e. traditional life and term life insurance and show that, in all cases, women are less likely to be insured than men. The demand for insurance is highly correlated with income, family structure and employment status. Geographical variables within Italy are significantly affecting the demand too. More importantly, we introduce novel variables related to the financial status of households and their proximity to the financial market, by considering home and stock portfolio ownership. These determinants turn out to be significant and to affect demand almost as much as traditional variables. To study policy implications, we calculate the probabilities of having either life or term insurance, under several scenarios for the determinants of demand. Again, financial market proximity plays a key role.










Factors Influencing Households' Demand for Life Insurance


Book Description

This thesis aims to examine both the type and amount of life insurance purchased by households. To this end, comprehensive models of households' demand for life insurance were developed, which included demographic variables, economic and assets, and psychographic variables. The effects of these factors on either term or cash value life insurance purchased by households were examined separately. The data was obtained from the 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances. The Heckman two-step selection model was used for the data analysis in order to investigate two different household life insurance purchasing behaviors: the type of life insurance purchased and the amount of life insurance purchased. This study provides three contributions. First, the results proved that most of assets categories associate with the purchase of life insurance by households. Second, using Heckman two-stage selection model is supported in this study because factors influenced the probability of owning life insurance and the amount life insurance held were different. Finally, the fact that variables associated with the demand for term life insurance and the demand for cash value life insurance were different support the view that term life and cash value life insurance should be examined separately.