The Economics of R&D Policy
Author : George S. Tolley
Publisher : Greenwood
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 40,62 MB
Release : 1985
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN :
Author : George S. Tolley
Publisher : Greenwood
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 40,62 MB
Release : 1985
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN :
Author : Gregory Tassey
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 44,15 MB
Release : 1997-11-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0313370435
Industry officials and government policymakers have for some time decried the lack of a framework for establishing and defending Research and Development (R&D) policies. Effective policy requires an understanding of the underlying economics. This book offers models and analysis of the economic elements that drive technology-based growth with emphasis on their implications for policy analysis. It also compares existing U.S. policies with those used in Europe and Japan. The results of these models and analysis is a framework for matching various forms of underinvestment with efficient strategic and policy responses. This market-failure based approach enables industry and government R&D initiatives to be developed, analyzed, and implemented with greater success than previously attained. The first part of the book analyzes economic trends to show how they are affected by technological change and the evolving nature of foreign competition. R&D spending patterns are studied to identify and characterize market failures that prevent adequate private-sector investments in technology. A model is presented for a typical technology-based industry. The second part looks at specific technologies and policies that impact R&D investment and that have been the subject of intense policy debate.
Author : Paul V. Ellefson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 437 pages
File Size : 29,16 MB
Release : 2019-04-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0429722176
This book reviews the status of discipline-wide activity in forest economics and policy research, especially investment levels, past and current program emphasis, program planning, and organizational involvement. It defines strategic directions for forest economics and policy research.
Author : Richard D. Horan
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 430 pages
File Size : 25,21 MB
Release : 2017-11-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1351146955
This two-volume set collects key essays examining economic theory, methods, and issues salient to agri-environmental policy in the US and in Europe, as well as in other countries. The topics under discussion are arranged thematically and include theoretical, numerical and empirical works; all are grounded in policy and economics. The introduction to these volumes reviews the evolution of agri-environmental policies, with an important focus on the history of US policy and European agri-environmental policy. A key feature within this is the importance of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the US, particularly its move towards more 'market-based incentives' from the 1980s onwards. Within the European context, the effects of the CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) on agri-environmental programmes and schemes within the member states, are discussed. Significantly, the essays republished here have provided the knowledge base that has influenced further applied work, creating an influential impact on policy development.
Author : Korres, George M.
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 469 pages
File Size : 17,35 MB
Release : 2017-03-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1522524592
New developments in socio-economics aid in increased productivity of manufacturing. These advances result in long-term improvement of competitiveness and innovation. The Handbook of Research on Policies and Practices for Sustainable Economic Growth and Regional Development is an essential reference publication for the latest scholarly information on the role of socio-economics in sustainable development initiatives. Featuring coverage on a variety of topics and perspectives including social economy innovation, cultural management, and social networking, this publication is ideally designed for researchers, policy makers, and academicians seeking current research on different determining factors of social consequences resulting from economic crisis.
Author : Anwar Shah
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 11,78 MB
Release : 2006
Category :
ISBN :
The authors propose four economic principles for use in deciding taxing responsibilities for various levels of government. These are: 1) efficiency of the internal common market - for efficiency in internal common market, taxes on mobile factors and tradable goods should either be assigned to the national government or coordinated among subnational governments; 2) national equity - progressive redistributive taxes ought to be assigned to the level of government having responsibility for redistribution, usually the national government. Subnational governments could levy supplementary flat rates on the federal tax base; 3) administrative costs - to minimize collection, administration, and compliance costs, a tax should be assigned to the level likely to be best informed about its base. This suggests assigning real property taxation to local governments and corporate income taxation to the national government; and 4) fiscal need - to ensure accountability, revenue means should be matched as closely as possible to revenue needs. Thus tax instruments intended to further specific policy objectives should be assigned to the level of government having the responsibility for such a service. Thus progressive redistributive taxes, stabilization instruments, and resource rent taxes would be suitable for assignment to national government; while tolls on intermunicipal roads are suitably assigned to state governments. Some resource taxes, such as royalties and fees and severance taxes on production and/or output, are designed to cover costs of local service provision and could be assigned to subnational governments. In addition, subnational governments could also impose taxes to discourage local environmental degradation. In countries with a federal level VAT, it may be too cumbersome to have subnational sales taxes. In such circumstances, the fiscal need criterion would suggest allowing subnational governments access to taxes which are traditionally regarded as suitable for national administration, such as personal income taxes. The authors also stress the importance of tax harmonization and coordination in preserving internal common market, reducing collection and compliance costs and helping to achieve national equity objectives and suggest methods of achieving such coordination vertically (between the federal and subnational governments) and horizontally (among subnational governments).
Author : Roger D. Norton
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 546 pages
File Size : 10,7 MB
Release : 2004
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789251048757
Publisher Description
Author : Pere Mir-Artigues
Publisher : Springer
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 27,24 MB
Release : 2016-04-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 3319296531
This book provides an up-to-date, rigorous analysis of the state of the art of solar photovoltaic (PV) generation. It focuses on the economic analysis of solar PV generation technologies as well as the policies that have been devised and implemented around the globe to support it. It provides the main theoretical tools for understanding the cost of these technologies, and discusses them from both a historical and comparative perspective with respect to other competing technologies (both conventional and renewable). In addition, it presents the conceptual rationale to maximize reader insights into whether and how public support for these technologies is justified as well as the consequences for the economy of different promotion measures. Integrating concepts from different economics disciplines (environmental economics, innovation economics, industrial economics and public economics) into a coherent basis for the analysis of the costs and policies for solar PV electricity, it provides an update to the literature to reflect recent advances in and deployments of solar electricity and the drastic reduction in associated costs.
Author : Chris Freeman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 485 pages
File Size : 10,37 MB
Release : 2012-07-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1136600663
First published in 1997. Massive technological development has changed the face of industry drammatically. This text provides an analysis of the trends and dynamics of innovation in industry. It has been updated with recent statistical information and examples. A new section explores the debate surrounding macroeconomics in an analysis of the impact of globalization on industrial change. This book covers such topics as: the rise of science-related technology; innovations and the firms; macroeconomics of innovation; and innovation and public policies.
Author : Jayson L. Lusk
Publisher : Oxford Handbooks
Page : 923 pages
File Size : 22,90 MB
Release : 2013-08-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0199681325
First reference on food consumption and policy.