The Social History of the American Family


Book Description

The American family has come a long way from the days of the idealized family portrayed in iconic television shows of the 1950s and 1960s. The four volumes of The Social History of the American Family explore the vital role of the family as the fundamental social unit across the span of American history. Experiences of family life shape so much of an individual’s development and identity, yet the patterns of family structure, family life, and family transition vary across time, space, and socioeconomic contexts. Both the definition of who or what counts as family and representations of the "ideal" family have changed over time. Available in both digital and print formats, this carefully balanced academic work chronicles the social, cultural, economic, and political aspects of American families from the colonial period to the present. Key themes include families and culture (including mass media), families and religion, families and the economy, families and social issues, families and social stratification and conflict, family structures (including marriage and divorce, gender roles, parenting and children, and mixed and non-modal family forms), and family law and policy. Features: Approximately 600 articles, richly illustrated with historical photographs and color photos in the digital edition, provide historical context for students. A collection of primary source documents demonstrate themes across time. The signed articles, with cross references and Further Readings, are accompanied by a Reader’s Guide, Chronology of American Families, Resource Guide, Glossary, and thorough index. The Social History of the American Family is an ideal reference for students and researchers who want to explore political and social debates about the importance of the family and its evolving constructions. Key Themes: Families and Culture Families and Experts Families and Religion Families and Social Change Families and Social Issues/Problems/Crises Families and Social Media Families and Social Stratification/Social Class Families and Technology Families and the Economy Families in America Families in Mass Media Families, Family Life, Social Identities Family Advocates and Organizations Family Law and Family Policy Family Theories History of American Families




Human Movement and Motor Control in the Natural Environment


Book Description

The basic understanding of human movement and control of human movement stems largely from laboratory measurements where human movement can be quantified with high precision and accuracy, but where the artificial environment compromises ecological validity. A good example for this issue was demonstrated in a recent investigation; specifically that the walking gait pattern of healthy individuals in a laboratory changed as a function of how many researchers were present during the experiment. Observations like these underscore that study volunteers adapt their behavior to the specific laboratory environment and warrant the question of how well we can transfer our lab-based understanding of gait patterns and the underlying neuromuscular control system to walking during daily living. Another research area where lab-based movement assessments have led to conflicting findings is the field of sports injury prevention: Many neuromuscular training programs have been shown to be effective in reducing the sport injury rate in athletes by 30-50% or more in a variety of different multi-directional sports. Nevertheless, lab-based assessments of the same athletes who completed those training programs were often not able to detect improvements in motor control of sport-specific movements or a reduction in joint loading, two factors thought to be closely linked with sport injury risk. This disconnect suggests that lab-based assessments of movement and motor control are often poor indicators of player behavior during real-game scenarios and may limit our ability to screen athletes for injury risk or monitor their progress in rehabilitation. These examples highlight that we should strive for the assessment and investigation of human movement and motor control in natural environments, i.e. where individuals, patients, athletes, or other groups of interest perform, explore, and interact under real-world conditions.




Technology in Physical Activity and Health Promotion


Book Description

As technology becomes an ever more prevalent part of everyday life and population-based physical activity programmes seek new ways to increase lifelong engagement with physical activity, so the two have become increasingly linked. This book offers a thorough, critical examination of emerging technologies in physical activity and health, considering technological interventions within the dominant theoretical frameworks, exploring the challenges of integrating technology into physical activity promotion and offering solutions for its implementation. Technology in Physical Activity and Health Promotion occupies a broadly positive stance toward interactive technology initiatives and, while discussing some negative implications of an increased use of technology, offers practical recommendations for promoting physical activity through a range of media, including: social media mobile apps global positioning and geographic information systems wearables active videogames (exergaming) virtual reality settings. Offering a logical and clear critique of technology in physical activity and health promotion, this book will serve as an essential reference for upper-level undergraduates, postgraduate students and scholars working in public health, physical activity and health and kinesiology, and healthcare professionals.







Falls in Older Adults: Prevention and Risk Evaluation


Book Description

Falls are a major health challenge and represent the leading cause of accidental death in older adults. It is essential to identify those factors associated with an increased risk for falls and to develop specific programs for fall prevention. The risk of falling can be assessed in older adults using different parameters, including biological, psychosocial, socioeconomic, behavioral, and environmental factors. For example, the risk of falls increases when vision is impaired, when sleep quality is poor, or when mood is depressed. Moreover, physical parameters, such as changes in body mass and blood pressure are risk factors for falls in older adults.




Effectiveness of the Nintendo® Wii Fit TM Games on the Balance of a Community-dwelling Older Adult in Eastern North Carolina


Book Description

The aim of this study was to determine if the Nintendo® Wii Fit TM was an effective and motivating modality for fall prevention with an older adult who has MG and lives in Eastern North Carolina. With the increasing number of older adults, it is imperative for occupational therapists to address balance and fall-prevention. The Nintendo® Wii Fit TM is currently being implemented in occupational and physical therapy; however, there is limited research. There is limited research on this topic, as this is an innovative approach to balance rehabilitation. The current study aimed to provide additional evidence regarding the use of the Wii Fit TM to improve balance. The single-subject study selected an active community-dwelling older adult with Myasthenia Gravis for participation. The study consisted of three phases: phase one combined the Wii Fit TM balance games with walking outside, phase two consisted of the balance and stepping games on the Wii Fit TM only, and phase three consisted of walking only. Motivation was measured with a Likert-scale and self-perception of occupational performance was measured through the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). The Four Square Step Test (FSST) and Timed Get Up and Go Test (TGUG) were used to assess the participant's balance, and risk for falling; the Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (SAFE) determined the participant's fear of falling and activity restriction. After the course of the study, the participant's balance scores, as measured by the FSST and TGUG, were analyzed to determine any change. There was a significant negative correlation between the participant's FSST score and each phase (p=0.048; r=-0.712); however, there was not a significant negative correlation between the participant's score on the TGUG and each phase (p=0.107; r=-0.488). These test scores indicate an improvement in dynamic balance and functional mobility. The participant reported the highest COPM and motivation scores for phase 3, walking outside only, indicating that he was not as motivated to complete the activities on the Wii Fit TM . There was also a decrease in the participant's fear of falling score on the SAFE. The current study provides supporting evidence on the effectiveness of the Wii Fit TM for improving balance and reducing a risk for falling; however, the study exemplifies the need for additional research.




Serious Games in Physical Rehabilitation


Book Description

Marketing text: This innovative book explores how games can be serious, even though most people generally associate them with entertainment and fun. It demonstrates how videogames can be a valuable tool in clinics and demonstrates how clinicians can use them in physical rehabilitation for various pathologies. It also describes step by step their integration in rehabilitation, from the (gaming) technology used to its application in clinics. Further, drawing on an extensive literature review, it discusses the pros and cons of videogames and how they can help overcome certain obstacles to rehabilitation. The last part of the book examines the main challenges and barriers that still need to be addressed to increase and improve the use and efficacy of this new technology for patients. The book is intended for physiotherapists and clinicians alike, providing a useful tool for all those seeking a comprehensive overview of the field of serious games and considering adding it to conventional rehabilitation treatment.




Innovations in Biomedical Engineering


Book Description

This book presents the latest developments in the field of biomedical engineering and includes practical solutions and strictly scientific considerations. The development of new methods of treatment, advanced diagnostics or personalized rehabilitation requires close cooperation of experts from many fields, including, among others, medicine, biotechnology and finally biomedical engineering. The latter, combining many fields of science, such as computer science, materials science, biomechanics, electronics not only enables the development and production of modern medical equipment, but also participates in the development of new directions and methods of treatment. The presented monograph is a collection of scientific papers on the use of engineering methods in medicine. The topics of the work include both practical solutions and strictly scientific considerations expanding knowledge about the functioning of the human body. We believe that the presented works will have an impact on the development of the field of science, which is biomedical engineering, constituting a contribution to the discussion on the directions of development of cooperation between doctors, physiotherapists and engineers. We would also like to thank all the people who contributed to the creation of this monograph—both the authors of all the works and those involved in technical works.