Bilingual Education in Malaysia


Book Description




Code-Switching as a Pedagogical Tool in Bilingual Classrooms


Book Description

Presenting a mixed methods study conducted in a bilingual mathematics classroom in Zimbabwe, this text reveals the semantic pedagogical functions and linguistic forms of code-switching during STEM instruction. Code-Switching as a Pedagogical Tool in Bilingual Classrooms offers a detailed analysis of code-switching in the context of educational linguistics, and reveals ten major pedagogical techniques which illustrate how teachers use code-switches to engage students and provide guidance, clarification, discipline, and recaps during individual and whole-class interactions. Chapters highlight that code-switching can be used in a targeted manner to harness the cognitive potential of bilingual speakers and enhance instruction. Ultimately, the text identifies implications for teacher education, language policy, and educational leadership more broadly, and demonstrates intersections with key areas including functional, critical, and cultural literacy. This text will benefit researchers, academics, and educators with an interest in bilingualism, applied linguistics, and secondary education more broadly. Those specifically interested in multicultural education, sociolinguistics and educational policy will also benefit from this book.




Patterns and Beliefs of Lecturers' Code-Switching


Book Description

A number of studies have explored code-switching in university classrooms throughout Asia from different perspectives, for examples Taiwan, Japan, and Malaysia (Barnard & McLellan; 2014). This research investigated patterns and functions of lecturers’ code-switching in nine English Language classrooms of three Malaysian Polytechnics to extend knowledge about code-switching occurrence and its significance in the teaching and learning process. The research questions investigated lecturers’ code-switching in terms of frequencies and functions, communicative features, lecturers’ and students’ beliefs about code-switching. The research used a mixed methods with a convergent parallel design using classroom observations, interviews and questionnaires to triangulate data obtained from the three Polytechnics in Malaysia: Polytechnic A, Polytechnic B and Polytechnic C. Analysis was based on Macaro's (2005) areas of teachers’ code-switching functions. The results showed that code-switching does occur in these Polytechnic English Language classrooms. Functions of building personal relationships with the learners, translating and checking understanding and Malay slangs/English + Malay particles were observed to be used with the highest frequency by lecturers. Accommodating students’ code-switching was also used frequently, especially when both students and lecturers code-switch in the classrooms. Code-switching was observed frequently at the verb, noun and adjective levels of the sentences. Both lecturers and students said they believed code-switching helped students understand lessons. There was no significant difference between the lecturers’ and students’ beliefs in code-switching as a useful classroom strategy. It has been claimed previously that code-switching interfered with the students’ language proficiency (Younas et al. (2014). Today it is argued that code-switching is a necessary tool for teachers to ensure that their messages are understood by students. This research provides an further understanding of patterns and reasons for code-switching and offer insights into the use of code-switching as an effective language teaching and learning strategy.




(Re)imagining Translanguaging Pedagogies through Teacher–Researcher Collaboration


Book Description

This book presents one possible pathway towards the advancement of translanguaging pedagogies: teacher–researcher partnerships. Although the existing literature alludes to the value of such partnerships, there is a lack of research that explicitly describes the complex processes of designing and implementing translanguaging pedagogies in primary and secondary school settings (K-12) across various international contexts. Through an expanded focus on teacher–researcher collaboration and the negotiation process, the book unpacks the opportunities and challenges of engaging in contextualized translanguaging designs with reference to broader ideological discourses and systemic structures. By promoting and highlighting teacher–researcher partnerships as one avenue for improvement and transparency, the chapters in this book demonstrate the potential of translanguaging pedagogies in classrooms and further resist the linguistic hierarchies that exist in educational institutions today.




Exploring Language Pedagogy through Second Language Acquisition Research


Book Description

Routledge Introductions to Applied Linguistics is a series of introductory level textbooks covering the core topics in Applied Linguistics, primarily designed for those beginning postgraduate studies, or taking an introductory MA course as well as advanced undergraduates. Titles in the series are also ideal for language professionals returning to academic study. The books take an innovative 'practice to theory' approach, with a 'back-to-front' structure. This leads the reader from real-world problems and issues, through a discussion of intervention and how to engage with these concerns, before finally relating these practical issues to theoretical foundations. Additional features include a glossary of key terms, and discussion questions. Following the back-to-front approach of the series, the book takes problematic issues in language pedagogy as its starting points. These are then examined in terms of second language acquisition. Each chapter begins with a look at the pedagogical proposals found in teacher guides and then asks ‘Do these proposals accord with what we know about how languages are acquired?’ Pedagogical topics covered include teaching methods, syllabus design, explicit instruction, comprehension versus production-based instruction, task-based instruction, authentic materials, the role of the learners’ first language in the classroom, error correction and catering for individual differences. Including a glossary of key terms and questions for discussion at the end of each chapter, and assuming no prior knowledge of second language acquisition, this is the ideal text for all students studying language teaching methods, language teacher education, English teaching methodology and second language acquisition modules in advanced undergraduate and postgraduate/graduate TESOL and Applied Linguistics courses.




Proceedings of the Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2016)


Book Description

This book features papers addressing a broad range of topics including psychology, religious studies, natural heritage, accounting, business, communication, education and sustainable development. It serves as a platform for disseminating research findings by academicians of local, regional and global prominence, and acts as a catalyst to inspire positive innovations in the development of the region. It is also a significant point of reference for academicians and students. This collection of selected social sciences papers is based on the theme “Soaring Towards Research Excellence”, presented at the Regional Conference of Sciences, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2016), organised bi-annually by Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pahang, Malaysia.




Code Switching in Malaysia


Book Description

Code switching seems to be natural for most multilingual speakers because they can switch from different languages freely depending on what is available in their linguistic repertoire. This collection of studies aims to bring current Malaysian code switching and language alternation research to the attention of a worldwide readership. In so doing we attempt to follow the path taken by our late friend, colleague and mentor, Professor Rodolfo Jacobson. The approach and conceptual framework adopted by the contributors in this volume tends to focus more towards the functional rather than the purely linguistic or grammatical. Research into Malaysian code switching demonstrates the need to seek out ways of merging these approaches, rather than keeping them separate, and several of the chapters in this volume attempt such a merger of approaches and methods.







Secondary Science Teaching for English Learners


Book Description

Secondary Science Teaching for English Learners: Developing Supportive and Responsive Learning Context for Sense-making and Language Development provides a resource for multiple audiences, including pre- and in-service secondary science teachers, science teacher educators, instructional coaches, curriculum specialists, and administrators, to learn about a research-based approach to teaching science that responds to the growing population of English learners in the United States. The book offers clear definitions of pedagogical practices supported by classroom examples and a cohesive framework for teaching science in linguistically diverse classrooms. The Secondary Science Teaching with English Language and Literacy Acquisition (or SSTELLA) Framework addresses how learning science is enhanced through meaningful and relevant learning experiences that integrate discipline-specific literacy. In particular, four core science teaching practices are described: (1) contextualized science activity, (2) scientific sense-making through scientific and engineering practices, (3) scientific discourse, and (4) English language and disciplinary literacy development. These four core practices are supported by sound theory and research based on unscripted guidelines and flexible modifications of science lessons. Moreover, the four interrelated practices promote students’ use of core science ideas while reading, writing, talking, and doing science, thus reflecting principles from Next Generation Science Standards, Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts, and English language proficiency standards. Secondary Science Teaching provides readers with a historical and theoretical basis for integrating language, literacy, and science in multilingual science classrooms, and well as explicit models and guided support teachers in enacting effective teaching practices in the classroom, including comparative vignettes to distinguish between different types of classroom practice.