The Effects of College Diversity Experiences on Student Academic and Democracy Outcomes


Book Description

Institutions of higher education claim they prepare their students to be leaders and positive contributors to society. In pursuit of these aims, institutions promote opportunities for diversity experiences among schoolmates. The legality of these claims has been challenged in court, and social science research on the effects of diversity experiences has played a pivotal role in shaping court rulings. Mixed results in previous studies and important unexamined questions in this research area prompt this examination of college diversity experiences. Classroom-based experiences, participation in diversity events, and the informal interactions students have with racially/ethnically dissimilar schoolmates are the foci of the study. Their relationships with democracy and academic outcomes are examined, and investigative emphasis is placed on the racial/ethnic heterogeneity of friendship groups and the relative position of students as outliers or majority-group members in primarily racially/ethnically homogeneous friendship groups. In addition to analyses of the full sample of University of Michigan students, analyses are performed on students based on their primary racial/ethnic identification and their status as racial/ethnic outliers or majority-group members. The results suggest that the three types of college diversity experiences benefit students. They are orthogonal to student outcomes for Asian-Americans, but significant positive relationships are seen across the analyses of White and Underrepresented Minority student groups. Outliers appear to benefit from diversity experiences in fewer ways than majority-group members, but the results are equivocal due to a statistical power issue. Implications for the research community are discussed.




The Impact of College Diversity Experiences on Academic and Democracy Outcomes


Book Description

Institutions of higher education claim they prepare their students to be leaders and positive contributors to society. In pursuit of these aims, institutions promote opportunities for diversity experiences among schoolmates. The legality of these claims has been challenged in court, and social science research on the effects of diversity experiences has played a pivotal role in shaping court rulings. Mixed results in previous studies and important unexamined questions in this research area prompt this examination of college diversity experiences. Classroom-based experiences, participation in diversity events, and the informal interactions students have with racially/ethnically dissimilar schoolmates are the foci of the study. Their relationships with democracy and academic outcomes are examined, and investigative emphasis is placed on the racial/ethnic heterogeneity of friendship groups and the relative position of students as outliers or majority-group members in primarily racially/ethnically homogeneous friendship groups. In addition to analyses of the full sample of University of Michigan students, analyses are performed on students based on their primary racial/ethnic identification and their status as racial/ethnic outliers or majority-group members. The results suggest that the three types of college diversity experiences benefit students. They are orthogonal to student outcomes for Asian-Americans, but significant positive relationships are seen across the analyses of White and Underrepresented Minority student groups. Outliers appear to benefit from diversity experiences in fewer ways than majority-group members, but the results are equivocal due to a statistical power issue. Implications for the research community are discussed.




The Future of Diversity


Book Description

In The Future of Diversity , distinguished academic leaders, heads of universities and foundations as well as faculty with valuable research and personal experience, discuss the next stage in the pursuit of democratic diversity and excellence on our campuses across the country.




Revealing the Role of Higher Education in a Diverse Democracy


Book Description

This dissertation sought to investigate how students make meaning of their curricular and cocurricular educational experiences while in college to better theorize how and why these experiences influence the development of their political identity. To date, research has shown that people who attend college are more likely to be civically and politically engaged compared to those who do not attend college. Yet few studies have sought to ascertain what about the totality of a person's college experiences lead to these outcomes. Using multiple qualitative data sources and constructivist grounded theory analysis, this study develops a framework to explain the intrapersonal process of developing a political identity in college. Additionally, drawing on data sources that illuminate the socio-political environment of the state as well as aspects of the institutions' culture, this study provides new insights into the ways in which a student's political identity is shaped by the political culture of an institution and state. This led to the production of a theory that argues that postsecondary institutions can be critical democratic institutions that remediate or perpetuate political inequities in society in nuanced ways. Implications and future research that stem from this theory are relevant to faculty, student affairs professionals, students, policymakers, and those concerned with higher education's role in a diverse democracy.




Encyclopedia of Diversity in Education


Book Description

The diversity education literature, both nationally and internationally, is broad and diffuse. Consequently, there needs to be a systematic and logical way to organize and present the state of research for students and professionals. American citizens need to understand the dynamics of their increasingly diverse communities and institutions and the global world in which we live, work, and lead. With continually evolving information on diversity policies, practices, and programs, it is important to have one place where students, scholars, teachers, and policymakers can examine and explore research, policy, and practice issues and find answers to important questions about how diversity in U.S. education—enriched with theories, research and practices in other nations—are explained and communicated, and how they affect institutional change at both the K-12 and postsecondary levels. With about 700 signed entries with cross-references and recommended readings, the Encyclopedia of Diversity in Education (4 volumes, in both print and electronic formats) will present research and statistics, case studies, and best practices, policies, and programs at pre- and postsecondary levels. Diversity is a worldwide phenomenon, and while most of the entries in the Encyclopedia will focus on the United States, diversity issues and developments in nations around the world, including the United States, are intricately connected. Consequently, to illuminate the many aspects of diversity, this volume will contain entries from different nations in the world in order to illuminate the myriad aspects of diversity. From A-to-Z, this Encyclopedia will cover the full spectrum of diversity issues, including race, class, gender, religion, language, exceptionality, and the global dimensions of diversity as they relate to education. This four-volume reference work will be the definitive reference for diversity issues in education in the United States and the world.




The First Year of College


Book Description

An examination of the first year of college and the intersecting challenges facing today's students, written by top educational researchers.




The Proper Role of Higher Education in a Democratic Society


Book Description

American higher education has served to prepare students to be active participants in a democratic society. During a time of great civil upheaval following the tumultuous elections of 2016 and 2020, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and mass demonstrations following the murders of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor, higher education may be the only institution left to be both responsible for and responsive to society at large. Public trust in the federal government is at near-record lows, but confidence in higher education has decreased more than any other U.S. institution since 2015. In a time where public opinion is quickly changing for the better or the worse, higher education must respond to this decline in trust in it as an institution, but also the decline in the belief that a college degree is worth the time and cost. Higher education was founded on the idea that colleges would prepare citizens for a life of public service, but they have quickly changed to a business model that largely puts profits over people. Practitioners of higher education must respond to this lack of trust and the pressures of preparing a 21st century workforce while battling the threats of a pandemic, declining enrollment, budget destabilization, and increased regulation. The Proper Role of Higher Education in a Democratic Society reexamines the purpose of higher education during rapidly changing times, offers practical advice and best practices to reclaim higher education’s most fundamental mission, and argues that if higher education is called to prepare students to serve a government by the people, the people must be prepared to govern effectively. This book provides resources and suggestions for restoring the public faith in higher education by connecting the educational experience with civic engagement outcomes. Diverse perspectives presented in this book challenge traditional notions that civic engagement is handled by one office on a college campus and is only discussed during a presidential election. Covering everything from civic engagement to diversity perspectives, this book is ideal for higher education practitioners and those interested in promoting civic engagement and democratic participation, improving assessment or accreditation standards using a civic engagement perspective, and infusing civic engagement to diversity conversations on campus.




Creating Space for Democracy


Book Description

Published in Association with and We live in divisive and polarizing times, often remaining in comfortable social bubbles and experiencing few genuine interactions with people who are different or with whom we disagree. Stepping out and turning to one another is difficult but necessary. For our democracy to thrive at a time when we face wicked problems that involve tough trade-offs it is vital that all citizens participate fully in the process. We need to learn to listen, think, and act with others to solve public problems. This collaborative task begins with creating space for democracy. This book provides a guide for doing so on campus through deliberation and dialogue.At the most basic level, this book describes collaborative and relational work to engage with others and co-create meaning. Specifically, dialogue and deliberation are processes in which a diverse group of people moves toward making a collective decision on a difficult public issue.This primer offers a blueprint for achieving the civic mission of higher education by incorporating dialogue and deliberation into learning at colleges and universities. It opens by providing a conceptual framework, with leading voices in the dialogue and deliberation field providing insights on issues pertinent to college campuses, from free speech and academic freedom to neutrality and the role of deliberation in civic engagement. Subsequent sections describe a diverse range of methods and approaches used by several organizations that pioneered and sustained deliberative practices; outline some of the many ways in which educators and institutions are using dialogue and deliberation in curricular, co-curricular, and community spaces, including venues such as student centers, academic libraries, and residence halls. All of the chapters, including a Resource Section, provide readers with a starting point for conceptualizing and implementing their own deliberation and dialogue initiatives.This book, intended for all educators who are concerned about democracy, imparts the power and impact of public talk, offers the insights and experiences of leading practitioners, and provides the grounding to adopt or adapt the models in their own settings to create educative spaces and experiences that are humanizing, authentic, and productive. It is an important resource for campus leaders, student affairs practitioners, librarians, and centers of institutional diversity, community engagement, teaching excellence and service-learning, as well as faculty, particularly those in the fields of communication studies, education, and political science.Click here for more information on AAC&U and Campus Compact.




Exploring Issues of Diversity within HBCUs


Book Description

The purpose of this edited volume is to examine the historical and contemporary dynamics of diversity as well as the realities, challenges, and opportunities associated with diversity work at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). This proposed book will include four sections, focusing on the historical developments and socio-political factors impacting diversity work at HBCUs, organizational structure and philosophical approaches, challenges and opportunities facing particular populations, and analysis of best practices. This text is designed to provide an overview and better understanding of diversity and multiculturalism that exists in historically Black colleges and universities. The contents of the text will examine equity and inclusion efforts in these institutions, and will explore various theories and practices utilized within the academy. Also, the text will examine race, class, gender, ethnicity, nationality, religion, age, ability and sexuality. The goal of the book is to assist students, faculty, and staff in the higher educational landscape in developing their own understandings of historical and contemporary issues related to diversity at HBCUs. Critical analysis of the multiple worldviews will be discussed as we explore the origin, nature and scope of multiple ideologies within diversity, equity and inclusion at HBCUs. In addition, this book will be an invaluable teaching resource for faculty in Educational Leadership Programs, Student Affairs Programs, or Sociology Programs, and other fields interested in issues of retaining and supporting diverse college students.




Affirmative Action in the United States and India


Book Description

Two of the most important national experiences with policies of positive discrimination are the cases of 'Affirmative Action' in the United States and 'Reservation Policies' in India.