Personality, Stress and Problem Solving


Book Description

The book experimentally demonstrates that induced stress has adverse effects on the performance of not only the average intelligent person but has negative consequences for the high intelligence group and it leads to increase in state anxiety which in turn has debilitating effects.







Spoken Word Recognition


Book Description

Spoken Word Recognition covers the entire range of processes involved in recognizing spoken words - both in and out of context. It brings together a number of essays dealing with important theoretical questions raised by the study of spoken word recognition - among them, how do we understand fluent speech as efficiently and effortlessly as we do? What are the mental processes and representations involved when we recognize spoken words? How do these differ from those involved in reading written words? What information is stored in our mental lexicon and how is it structured? What do linguistic and computational theories tell us about these psychological processes and representations?The multidisciplinary presentation of work by phoneticians, linguists, psychologists, and computer scientists reflects the growing interest in spoken word recognition from a number of different perspectives. It is a natural consequence of the mediating role that lexical representations and processes play in language understanding, linking sound with meaning.Following the editors' introduction, the contributions and their authors are: Acoustic-Phonetic Representation in Word Recognition (David B. Pisoni and Paul A. Luce). Phonological Parsing and Lexical Retrieval (Kenneth W. Church). Parallel Processing in Spoken Word Recognition (William D. Marslen-Wilson). A Reader's View of Listening (Dianne C. Bradley and Kenneth I. Forster). Prosodic Structure and Spoken Word Recognition (Francois Grosjean and James Paul Gee). Structure in Auditory Word Recognition (Lyn Frazier). The Mental Representation of the Meaning of Words (P. N. Johnson-Laird). Context Effects in Lexical Processing (Michael K. Tanenhaus and Margery M. Lucas).Uli H. Frauenfelder is a researcher with the Max-Planck-Institut für Psycholinguistik, and Lorraine Komisarjevsky Tyler is a professor in the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Cambridge. Spoken Word Recognition is in a series that is derived from special issues of Cognition: International Journal of Cognitive Science, edited by Jacques Mehler. A Bradford Book.







The Effect of Academic Stressors on Memory Recall and Performance


Book Description

A great deal of research has been conducted on acute anxiety's impairing effect on verbal and non-verbal memory. The current study sought to analyze a natural occurring stressor on college campuses (i.e., test anxiety), using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). It focused on how acute academic stress (i.e., test anxiety) will affect verbal and non-verbal memory performance. This study used 127 participants (86 female and 41 male) that were Arkansas Tech University students enrolled in General Psychology. The investigator assessed differences in acute anxiety levels using a modified set of instructions for the BAI, between general psychology students under stress (i.e., exam subsequent to the study) and general psychology students on a typical day in class. Both groups were also administered the non-verbal memory subtest from the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scale (RIAS). This study sought to determine whether a natural occurring stressor, such as taking a major examination, could actually be detrimental to the retention of course knowledge.




Test Anxiety


Book Description

As the Information Age continues to evolve, test scores will become ever more important as a means of evaluating applicants for demanding technological jobs and candidates for admission into elite schools. The potentially crippling anxiety associated with this competitive atmosphere has created a tremendous body of research. Test Anxiety: The State of the Art is the only comprehensive, up-to-date, and integrative review of the vast body of literature on the problem. The book addresses all aspects of test anxiety, especially those involving theory, research, assessment, and individual differences among sufferers. This book will be an excellent text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in psychology and education, especially those concerned with stress and adaptation; personality theory and research; and clinical, counseling, consulting, and developmental psychology. Practitioners - psychologists, psychiatrists, counselors, school administrators, and teachers - will likely find useful information on etiology, symptomatology, and intervention with respect to test anxiety.




Neural Plasticity and Memory


Book Description

A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq




Cognitive Interference


Book Description

In this volume, the first synthesis of work on cognitive interference, leading researchers, theorists, and clinicians from around the world confront a number of important questions about intrusive thoughts and suggest a challenging agenda for the future.