Anxiety, Learning, and Instruction


Book Description

First published in 1977. Each of the authors independently initiated research to find ways of reducing the undesirable effects of anxiety 1 on intellectual performance. The aim of this book is to summarize the research and ideas that have emerged from these programs. It is both a progress report on the approaches we have developed for reducing anxiety or its undesirable effects, and a means of sharing our insights concerning better ways of accomplishing these goals in the future.




Anxiety and Cognitive Processing of Instruction


Book Description

This article examines recent research on anxiety, in terms of a research model proposed after reviewing the effects of anxiety on learning from instructions. The model specifies the points at which anxiety on learning can be expected to affect learning. It is assumed that since learning is a process that is essentially cognitively mediated, anxiety can affect learning only indirectly, by affecting the cognitive process mediating learning at various stages. The model separates the instructional process into the three classic information-processing components: input, processing, and output. The input component denotes presentation of instruction to students, processing represents all of the operations students use to encode, organize, and store input, and output designates student performance on any evaluative instrument after instruction. It was hypothesized that there are three points at which anxiety could affect learning from instructions most directly: in preprocessing, during processing, and after processing, but just before output. Keywords: Cognition, Reprints.




The Effects of Instructional Methods and Individual Differences on the Cognitive Processing of Instruction


Book Description

This research examined achievement treatment interaction (ATI) between individual differences and instructional methods on the cognitive processing (i.e., macroprocessing) of instruction. Individual differences in reading, prior knowledge, and anxiety were examined for three treatments (an adjunct postquestion with feedback group, a reading only adjunct postquestion group, and a reading only control group). The macroprocesses studied included previewing, reviewing, notetaking, and use of an alternate text. Multivariate regression analysis of the posttest scores revealed main effect for treatment, a main effect for anxiety on use of alternate text, and anxiety and prior knowledge interaction for both use of alternate text and use of headings, and an anxiety, prior knowledge, and treatment interaction for use of alternate text. These results are discussed in the framework of prescriptive learning strategies. (js).




Test Anxiety


Book Description

Examination stress and test anxiety are pervasive problems in modern society. As the information age continues to evolve, test scores will become even more important than they are today in evaluating applicants for demanding jobs and candidates for admission into highly competitive educational programs. Because test anxiety gen- ally causes decrements in performance and undermines academic achievement, the development of effective therapeutic interventions for reducing its adverse effects will continue to be an important priority for counselors, psychologists, and educators. Alleviating test anxiety will also serve to counteract the diminished access to edu- tional and occupational opportunities that is frequently experienced by test-anxious individuals. As its title promises, this volume provides a state-of-the-art evaluation of the nature, antecedents, correlates, and consequences of examination stress and test anxiety. Professor Zeidner’s cogent and comprehensive analysis of the affective, cognitive, somatic, and behavioral manifestations of test anxiety are grounded in the extensive knowledge he has gained from his own research on the assessment and treatment of test anxiety. This work has also benefitted from the author’s lo- standing and productive collaboration with leading contributors to test anxiety theory and research, and his active participation in national and international conferences devoted to understanding test anxiety, including those convened by the Society for Test Anxiety Research (STAR).




Dissertation Abstracts International


Book Description

Abstracts of dissertations available on microfilm or as xerographic reproductions.