The European Free Trade Association


Book Description

This book shall be an introduction into the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) as an international organization and, inter alia, as a platform for its member states' relations with the EU and for jointly negotiated Free Trade Agreements. EFTA - originally set up by the UK - is an example of how countries that do not want to be members of the EU can still have close links with it. EFTA is a loose intragovernmental association of some economically highly specialised, small and wealthy Western European small states which have, until now, decided not to join the European Union (EU). Essentially it is the platform for Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland to coordinate their free trade policies as far as possible. Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway also use EFTA, in particular its Secretariat, to manage their membership of the European Economic Area (EEA) and to adopt relevant legislation into the Agreement. Particularly in the context of Brexit it should also be noted that there are elements of the relations between the four EFTA States and the EU which are not necessarily based on either the EEA Agreement or the EU-Swiss Agreements. Until recently, EFTA was considered an outdated model. However, since Brexit interest in EFTA has increased. Where the subject was covered in the press, but also in relevant statements by politicians, there was hardly any distinction made between 'EFTA' and the 'EEA'. This book is not about Brexit, rather it will correct certain misconceptions about EFTA and provide a clear overview on what EFTA is: a platform for the economic relations between its member states; a platform for its member states' free trade policy and a platform for its member states' relations with the EU. There will be food for thought on the UK's future outside the EU.




The EU-Ukraine Association Agreement and Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area


Book Description

In The EU-Ukraine Association Agreement and Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area, Guillaume Van der Loo provides the first comprehensive legal analysis of this complex and controversial international agreement. While key political and legal hurdles towards the signing and conclusion of this agreement are analysed, its scope and contents are scrutinised and contrasted to other international agreements concluded by the EU. Specific attention is devoted to the ambitious “deep and comprehensive free trade area” and the unique provisions related to Ukraine’s approximation to the EU acquis. In particular, this book explores to what extent the agreement can be considered a new legal instrument for ‘EU integration without membership’.




Free Trade Agreements and Global Labour Governance


Book Description

Exploring the contentious relationship between trade and labour, this book looks at the impact of the EU’s ‘new generation’ free trade agreements on workers. Drawing upon extensive original research, including over 200 interviews with key actors across the EU and its trading partners, it considers the effectiveness of the trade-labour linkage in an era of global value chains. The EU believes trade can work for all, claiming that labour provisions in its free trade agreements ensure that economic growth and high labour standards go hand-in-hand. Yet whether these actually make a difference to workers is strongly contested. This book explains why labour provisions have been profoundly limited in the EU’s agreements with the CARIFORUM group, South Korea and Moldova. It also shows how the provisions were mismatched with the most pressing workplace concerns in the key export industries of sugar, automobiles and clothing, and how these concerns were exacerbated by the agreements’ commercial provisions. This pioneering approach to studying the trade-labour linkage provides insights into key debates on the role of civil society in trade governance, the relationship between public and private labour regulation, and the progressive possibilities for trade policy in the twenty-first century. This book will appeal to research scholars, post-graduate students, trade policy practitioners, policy researchers allied to labour movements, and informed activists.










Theoretical and Applied Mathematics in International Business


Book Description

In the past, practical applications motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics, which is also referred to as theoretical mathematics. Theoretical and Applied Mathematics in International Business is an essential research publication that explores the importance and implications of applied and theoretical mathematics within international business, including areas such as finance, general management, sales and marketing, and supply chain management. Highlighting topics such as data mining, global economics, and general management, this publication is ideal for scholars, specialists, managers, corporate professionals, researchers, and academicians.




Europeanization and the European Economic Area


Book Description

This book examines Europeanization in the European Economic Area (EEA), exploring whether non-member states can have an input into EU decision-making and whether the EU can successfully export its policies within the framework of the EEA. Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein, while not EU member states, are members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and signatories of the EEA Agreement. The Agreement allows participation in the EU’s internal market but also requires extensive and continuous adaptation to EU rules. Whilst existing literature is limited mainly to the EU’s impact on its own member states or neighbours to the east, this book extends the study of Europeanization to the EEA, exploring whether Iceland, as a non-member state, can have an input into EU decision-making and, conversely, whether the EU can ensure that its policies are adhered to outside of its borders. The author argues that, although the EEA Agreement is not without its challenges, it has proved considerably more resilient than originally expected. This raises the question of whether the EEA provides a realistic alternative to EU membership for other states with close ties to the EU. Delving into the largely unknown intersection between the EU and the EEA and providing important new insights into the Europeanization process, Europeanization and the European Economic Area will be of strong interest to students and scholars of European Union politics and policy-making, European Union Enlargement, Nordic politics and comparative politics.




Agreement on the European Economic Area


Book Description

The provisions of the Agreement on the European Economic Area (EEA) determine the relations of the EFTA countries Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein with the EU and its Member States. On its basis, these three countries participate extensively in the internal market. The EEA is also discussed as a possible model for relations between the EU and the United Kingdom after Brexit. The new commentary, article by article, explores the importance of the legal practice agreement. It incorporates the extensive annexes and protocols to the agreement, which unlocks key secondary EEA law and establishes links with EU law. The current state of EEA law in Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein is summarized by legislation and case law. The focus of the presentations lies in the commentary of the EEA regulations on the free movement of goods, the movement of persons, services and capital, transport policy and competition law. The tasks and procedures of the two EEA bodies European Surveillance Authority and EFTA Court, which are used for monitoring and dispute resolution, are explained by commenting on the EEA Regulations and the supplementary agreement concluded between Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. The work offers - A comprehensive overview of the special situation in Switzerland - Cross-sectional views on the effects of EEA law in Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein and on the effects of EEA law in the EU - Important references to the international agreements accompanying the EEA - A comprehensive analysis of the changed legal environment, including the Treaty of Lisbon and other European Treaties. In addition, the commentary provides information on the current state of EEA law in the light of the case law of the EFTA Court and the legislation and case law of the three countries Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. For ease of use, the otherwise not easily accessible annexes and protocols, where relevant, and the supplementary agreements are printed.




Methodology for Impact Assessment of Free Trade Agreements


Book Description

This publication displays the menu for choice of available methods to evaluate the impact of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). It caters mainly to policy makers from developing countries and aims to equip them with some economic knowledge and techniques that will enable them to conduct their own economic evaluation studies on existing or future FTAs, or to critically re-examine the results of impact assessment studies conducted by others, at the very least.




European Free Trade Association


Book Description