Author : Ben Hayes
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 27,80 MB
Release : 2014
Category :
ISBN :
Author : Richard E. Ernst
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 667 pages
File Size : 32,8 MB
Release : 2014-09-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 1316060519
Large igneous provinces (LIPs) are intraplate magmatic events, involving volumes of mainly mafic magma upwards of 100,000 km3, and often above 1 million km3. They are linked to continental break-up, global environmental catastrophes, regional uplift and a variety of ore deposit types. In this up-to-date, fascinating book, leading expert Richard E. Ernst explores all aspects of LIPs, beginning by introducing their definition and essential characteristics. Topics covered include continental and oceanic LIPs; their origins, structures, and geochemistry; geological and environmental effects; association with silicic, carbonatite and kimberlite magmatism; and analogues of LIPs in the Archean, and on other planets. The book concludes with an assessment of LIPs' influence on natural resources such as mineral deposits, petroleum and aquifers. This is a one-stop resource for researchers and graduate students in a wide range of disciplines, including tectonics, igneous petrology, geochemistry, geophysics, Earth history, and planetary geology, and for mining industry professionals.
Author : Steffi Burchardt
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 34,7 MB
Release : 2018-05-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128097496
Volcanic and Igneous Plumbing Systems: Understanding Magma Transport, Storage, and Evolution in the Earth's Crust synthesizes research from various geoscience disciplines to examine volcanic and igneous plumbing systems (VIPS) in-depth. VIPS comprise a network of magma transport and storage features in the Earth's crust. These features include dykes, sills and larger magma bodies that form the pathway and supply system of magma beneath active volcanoes. Combining basic principles with world-class research and informative illustrations, this unique reference presents a holistic view of each topic covered, including magma transport, magma chambers, tectonics and volcanism. Addressing a variety of approaches to these topics, this book offers researchers and academics in the Earth Science fields, such as geophysics, volcanology and igneous petrology the information they need to apply the information to their own disciplines.
Author : J.L. Smellie
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 802 pages
File Size : 36,40 MB
Release : 2021-06-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 178620536X
This memoir is the first to review all of Antarctica’s volcanism between 200 million years ago and the Present. The region is still volcanically active. The volume is an amalgamation of in-depth syntheses, which are presented within distinctly different tectonic settings. Each is described in terms of (1) the volcanology and eruptive palaeoenvironments; (2) petrology and origin of magma; and (3) active volcanism, including tephrochronology. Important volcanic episodes include: astonishingly voluminous mafic and felsic volcanic deposits associated with the Jurassic break-up of Gondwana; the construction and progressive demise of a major Jurassic to Present continental arc, including back-arc alkaline basalts and volcanism in a young ensialic marginal basin; Miocene to Pleistocene mafic volcanism associated with post-subduction slab-window formation; numerous Neogene alkaline volcanoes, including the massive Erebus volcano and its persistent phonolitic lava lake, that are widely distributed within and adjacent to one of the world’s major zones of lithospheric extension (the West Antarctic Rift System); and very young ultrapotassic volcanism erupted subglacially and forming a world-wide type example (Gaussberg).
Author : Matteo Masotta
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 29 pages
File Size : 21,5 MB
Release : 2021-07-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 111956445X
A comprehensive picture of the architecture of crustal magmatic systems The composition of igneous rocks – their minerals, melts, and fluids – reveals the physical and chemical conditions under which magmas form, evolve, interact, and move from the Earth’s mantle through the crust. These magma dynamics affect processes on the surface including crustal growth and eruptive behaviour of volcanoes. Crustal Magmatic System Evolution: Anatomy, Architecture, and Physico-Chemical Processes uses analytical, experimental, and numerical approaches to explore the diversity of crustal processes from magma differentiation and assimilation to eruption at the surface. Volume highlights include: Physical and chemical parameterization of crustal magmatic systems Experimental, theoretical and modelling approaches targeting crustal magmatic processes Timescales of crustal magmatic processes, including storage, recharge, and ascent through volcanic conduits The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book in a Q&A with the Editors.
Author : Steffi Burchardt
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 16,1 MB
Release : 2018-05-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 0128097507
Volcanic and Igneous Plumbing Systems: Understanding Magma Transport, Storage, and Evolution in the Earth's Crust synthesizes research from various geoscience disciplines to examine volcanic and igneous plumbing systems (VIPS) in-depth. VIPS comprise a network of magma transport and storage features in the Earth’s crust. These features include dykes, sills and larger magma bodies that form the pathway and supply system of magma beneath active volcanoes. Combining basic principles with world-class research and informative illustrations, this unique reference presents a holistic view of each topic covered, including magma transport, magma chambers, tectonics and volcanism. Addressing a variety of approaches to these topics, this book offers researchers and academics in the Earth Science fields, such as geophysics, volcanology and igneous petrology the information they need to apply the information to their own disciplines. Provides an easily understandable overview of current research on volcanic and igneous plumbing systems Includes full color illustrations to increase understanding Covers fundamental information needed to optimize comprehension Features a field example from world-class research in each chapter, including photographs and maps
Author : Mikel Díez
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 42,44 MB
Release : 2008
Category :
ISBN :
ABSTRACT: Volcanic activity, and the resultant deposits and structures at the Earth's surface, are the outcome of the inner workings of underground magmatic plumbing systems. These systems, essentially, consist of magma reservoirs which supply magma to the surface through volcanic conduits feeding volcanic eruptions. The mechanics and structure of plumbing systems remain largely unknown due to the obvious challenges involved in inferring volcanic processes occurring underground from observations at the surface. Nevertheless, volcanologists are beginning to gain a deeper understanding of the workings and architecture of magmatic plumbing systems from geophysical observations on active volcanoes, as well as from geological studies of the erosional remnants of ancient volcanic systems. In this work, I explore the relationship between the structure and mechanics of shallow plumbing systems and the volcanic eruptions these systems produce. I attempt to contribute to the understanding of this complex relationship by linking geological and geophysical observations of an eroded basaltic subvolcanic system, and the eruptive and tectonic activity of an active volcano, with mathematical models of magma ascent and stress transfer. The remarkable exposures of the Carmel outcrop intrusions, near the San Rafael swell, southeast Utah, U.S.A., allow detailed geological and geophysical observations of the roots of volcanic conduits that emerge from a subhorizontal magma feeder reservoir. These observations reveal a new mechanism for magma ascent and eruption triggering through gravitational instabilities created from an underlying feeding sill, and shed light on the mechanics of sill emplacement. Geophysical and geological observations of the 1999 and xii 1992 eruptions of the Cerro Negro volcano, Nicaragua, are used to explore the coupling between changes in the stress field and the triggering of volcanic eruptions, and magma ascent through the shallow crust. Modeling results of stress transfer and conduit flow highlight the importance of the surrounding stress field and geometry of the volcanic conduits that comprise shallow plumbing systems.
Author : David Burney
Publisher :
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 15,73 MB
Release : 2015
Category : Magmas
ISBN :
The emplacement of tholeiitic magmas along two NE-SW trending rift zones is the dominant mechanism of crustal accretion on Iceland. Small volumes of transitional to alkaline magmas are also erupted through older crust in several off-rift settings, including the Snæfellsnes Peninsula in western Iceland where the basement is formed by 6-8 Ma flood basalts. In this study, we are investigating how these off-rift magmatic plumbing systems compare to those in the main rift zones, given the significant differences in crystal structure and degree of crustal extension, through application of quantitative textural analysis and mineral geothermobarometry. Our focus is Vatnafell, a sub-glacial eruptive unit (414 ±11 ka) at the western end of the off-rift Ljósufjöll volcanic system in the Snæfellsnes volcanic zone. Samples are highly phyric (~14% phenocrysts), with large phenocrysts (1-12 mm) of clinopyroxene, olivine, and plagioclase. Crystal size distributions for olivine and clinopyroxene both show kinked profiles, indicating two distinct populations. Glomerocrysts in which large clinopyroxene oikocrysts enclose smaller rounded olivine chadacrysts are common, and a small horizon strongly enriched in large (> 5 mm) olivine and clinopyroxene crystals was found near the base of the unit. These observations suggest incorporation of olivine gabbroic/wehrlitic cumulates by the host magma. Analyses show a bimodal composition for clinopyroxene (cores: mg# 83-88; rims/groundmass mg# 72-77), and calculations suggest crystallization of cores at or near the moho in the deep crust (~ 25 km). More extensive analyses of mineral compositions have been used to calculate residence times and ascent rates of the crystalline cargo, and indicate rapid ascent soon after the incorporation of the wehrlitic cumulate. These data have been used to develop a more complete picture of an extension-limited off-rift magmatic plumbing system and allow a more detailed comparison with plumbing systems beneath the extension-dominated main rift zones on Iceland.
Author : Lisa Tauxe
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 505 pages
File Size : 24,49 MB
Release : 2010-03-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 0520260317
"This book by Lisa Tauxe and others is a marvelous tool for education and research in Paleomagnetism. Many students in the U.S. and around the world will welcome this publication, which was previously only available via the Internet. Professor Tauxe has performed a service for teaching and research that is utterly unique."—Neil D. Opdyke, University of Florida
Author : Richard John Huggett
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 909 pages
File Size : 12,11 MB
Release : 2011-03-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 1135281130
This extensively revised, restructured, and updated edition continues to present an engaging and comprehensive introduction to the subject, exploring the world’s landforms from a broad systems perspective. It covers the basics of Earth surface forms and processes, while reflecting on the latest developments in the field. Fundamentals of Geomorphology begins with a consideration of the nature of geomorphology, process and form, history, and geomorphic systems, and moves on to discuss: structure: structural landforms associated with plate tectonics and those associated with volcanoes, impact craters, and folds, faults, and joints process and form: landforms resulting from, or influenced by, the exogenic agencies of weathering, running water, flowing ice and meltwater, ground ice and frost, the wind, and the sea; landforms developed on limestone; and landscape evolution, a discussion of ancient landforms, including palaeosurfaces, stagnant landscape features, and evolutionary aspects of landscape change. This third edition has been fully updated to include a clearer initial explanation of the nature of geomorphology, of land surface process and form, and of land-surface change over different timescales. The text has been restructured to incorporate information on geomorphic materials and processes at more suitable points in the book. Finally, historical geomorphology has been integrated throughout the text to reflect the importance of history in all aspects of geomorphology. Fundamentals of Geomorphology provides a stimulating and innovative perspective on the key topics and debates within the field of geomorphology. Written in an accessible and lively manner, it includes guides to further reading, chapter summaries, and an extensive glossary of key terms. The book is also illustrated throughout with over 200 informative diagrams and attractive photographs, all in colour.
