Bioremediation of Nitroaromatic and Haloaromatic Compounds


Book Description

Sites contaminated with explosive compounds, pesticides, herbicides, PCBs, and other aromatic compounds present formidable technical, regulatory, and financial challenges. The application of bioremediation technologies to such sites offers the promise of cost-effective site remediation that can serve as a key component of a well-formulated strategy for achieving site closure. This volume presents the results of bench-, pilot-, and field-scale projects focused on the use of biological approaches to remediating problem compounds, such as RDX, HMX, TNT, DDT, 2, 4-D, nitro- and chlorobenzenes, nitroaniline, chloroaniline, hexachlorobenzene, PCPs, PCBs, and dichlorophenol in soils and groundwater.




Bioremediation and Natural Attenuation


Book Description

A groundbreaking text and professional resource on natural attenuation technology Natural attenuation is rapidly becoming a widely used approach to manage groundwater and soil contamination by hazardous substances in petroleum-product releases and leachate from hazardous waste sites and landfills. This book provides, under one cover, the current methodologies needed by groundwater scientists and engineers in their efforts to evaluate subsurface contamination problems, to estimate risk to human health and ecosystems through mathematical models, and to design and formulate appropriate remediation strategies. Incorporating the authors' extensive backgrounds as educators, researchers, and consultants in environmental biotechnology and hydrogeology, the text emphasizes new concepts and recent advances in the science, including: Quantification of the role of microbes in natural attenuation Biodegradation and chemical transformation principles Immobilization and phase change Biotransformation mechanisms Groundwater flow and contaminant transport Analytical models for contaminant transport and reaction processes Numerical modeling of contaminant transport, transformation, and degradation Detailed descriptions of fundamental processes, characterization approaches, and analytical and numerical methods tied to relevant real-world applications make Bioremediation and Natural Attenuation: Process Fundamentals and Mathematical Models both a timely course text in hydrogeology and environmental engineering and a valuable reference for anyone in the groundwater or risk assessment professions.




Microbiology of Composting


Book Description

Composting is increasingly used as a recycling technology for organic wastes. Knowledge on the composition and activities of compost microbial communities has so far been based on traditional methods. New molecular and physiological tools now offer new insights into the "black box" of decaying material. An unforeseen diversity of microorganisms are involved in composting, opening up an enormous potential for future process and product improvements. In this book, the views of scientists, engineers and end-users on compost production, process optimisation, standardisation and product application are presented.




Engineered Approaches for in Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvent Contamination


Book Description

Sites contaminated with chlorinated compounds pose health risks and are challenging and often expensive to treat in the field. This volume brings together the most up-to-date laboratory findings and the latest full-scale results from bioremediation efforts at actual field sites. Engineering approaches discussed include biobarriers, cometabolism, bioaugmentation, in situ oxidation, Fenton's Reagent, in situ bioremediation, and more.




In Situ Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon and Other Organic Compounds


Book Description

From supertanker oil spills to leaking underground storage tanks, contamination from petroleum hydrocarbon fuels and other organic compounds is a problem throughout the world. A considerable body of experience has been built up over the past two decades in applying in situ bioremediation to a variety of contaminants in all media. This volume provides a comprehensive guide to the latest technological breakthroughs in both the laboratory and the field, covering such topics as air sparging, cometabolic biodegradation, treatment of MTBE, real-time control systems, nutrient addition, rapid biosensor analysis, multiphase extraction, and accelerated bioremediation.




Bioremediation Technologies for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds


Book Description

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs) are common and challenging contaminants that affect soil and sediments. Methods for treating PAHs have undergone change and refinement in the recent past, and this volume presents the latest trends in PAH remediation theory and practice. The papers in this volume cover topics ranging from the remediation of manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites to the remediation of sediments. The papers present lab and field studies, characterization studies, comparison studies, and descriptions of technologies ranging from composting to thermally enhanced bioremediation to fungal technologies and other innovative approaches.




Bioremediation of Metals and Inorganic Compounds


Book Description

Unlike organic contaminants, which often can be broken down by biological processes into relatively harmless metabolites and by-products, metals are elemental and often have an inhibitory effect on biological activity. Despite these potential pitfalls, there has been progress recently in applying bioremediation technologies to metals and inorganics. This volume encompasses topics such as lead solubility reduction, chromium reduction, denitrification, volatilization of selenium in soils, metals recovery from acid mine drainage, and even the possibility of applying artificial neural network technology to aid in bioremediation.







Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents, Petroleum Hydrocarbons, and Other Organic Compounds


Book Description

Natural attenuation was first demonstrated at sites with hydrocarbon contamination, but recent studies at sites contaminated by chlorinated compounds have shown that this approach often has merit for these more challenging contamination problems. This volume covers natural attenuation in media ranging from deep aquifers to shallow soils, and for contaminants ranging from fuels to solvents to herbicides, and offers the reader a comprehensive overview of case studies that represent the state of the art in natural attenuation approaches to site remediation.




Bioreactor and Ex Situ Biological Treatment Technologies


Book Description

Many site-and wastestream-remediation challenges are best met by applying bioreactors and other ex situ treatment technologies, either singly or sometimes in combination with other technologies. Such engineered systems for the treatment of vapor, water, slurries, and soils are the focus of this volume, which covers a number of treatment technologies such as slurry reactors, compost reactors, biopiles, packed-bed reactors, vapor-phase reactors, and biofilters. Articles cover a number of technologies and media, as well as a wide variety of contaminants, among them arsenic, TPHs, MTBE, heavy metals, solvents, and other wastes.