The Natural Environment and the Biogeochemical Cycles


Book Description

An important purpose of The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry is to aid the understanding of distribution and chemical reaction processes which occur in the environment. Volume 1, Part E of this series is dedicated to Environmental Systems, Physical Properties of the Atmosphere, Global Transport and the Thermodynamics of Ecosystems.




Organofluorines


Book Description

This volume, written by a range of international experts, covers a wide range of topics involving organic fluorine compounds. Each chapter is preceded by a summary and includes extensive illustrations and references. The chapters cover atmospheric chemistry, application of 19F NMR, partition, degradation and transformation, naturally occurring organic fluorine compounds, toxicology of perfluoroalkanes and phosphorofluoridates, and application of aromatic compounds to the elucidation of the mechanism of cytochrome P450.




The Rhine


Book Description




Metal Ions in Biological Systems


Book Description

This volume is devoted to the research area regarding the biological properties of metal alkyl derivatives, offering an authoritative account of this subject by 16 scientists. In 11 chapters, Biological Properties of Metal Alkyl Derivatives highlights, in detail, derivatives of germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, selenium, tellurium, cobalt (vitamin B12 derivatives) and nickel (coenzyme F430), including the role of (mainly) micro-organisms in their formation. The derivatives of indium, thallium, bismuth, various transition metals and mercury are also covered to some extent, as are those of the non-metals silicon, phosphorus and sulfur, and the haloperoxidase route of the biogenesis of halomethanes by fungi and plants. The properties of these alkyl derivatives, their biosynthesis, including mechanistic aspects, their appearance in waters (rivers, lakes, oceans) and sediments, and their physiological and toxic effects are summarized.







Chemical Elements


Book Description




Ecology, the Ascendent Perspective


Book Description

A challenge to existing Newtonian and Darwinian paradigms, Ecology, the Ascendent Perspective demonstrates that a theoretically reshaped science of ecology, better suited to portraying the dynamics of the natural world, can be a more effective means of ensuring its health.




Treatment Marshes for Runoff and Polishing


Book Description

Treatment Marshes for Runoff and Polishing represents the most comprehensive and up-date-date resource for the design, construction, and operation of marsh treatment systems. This new edition represents a complete rewrite of the surface flow sections of previous editions of Treatment Wetlands. It is based on the performance hundreds of treatment marshes over the past 40 years. Treatment Marshes focuses on urban and agricultural runoff, river and lake water improvement, and highly treated municipal effluents. New information from the past dozen years is used to improve data interpretation and design concepts. Topics included in this book are Diversity of marsh vegetation Analyses of the human use of treatment marshes New concepts of underground processes and functions Spectrum of marsh values spanning mitigation, restoration, enhancement, and water quality improvement Improved methods for calculation of evapotranspiration and wetland water temperatures Hydraulics of surface and subsurface flows in marshes Analysis of long track records for deterministic and probabilistic behavior Consideration of integrated microbial and vegetative contaminant removals via mass balances Uptake and emission of gases Performance of urban and agricultural wetlands Design procedures for urban and agricultural wetlands Reduction of trace metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, and trace organics Updated capital and O&M economics, and valuation of ancillary benefits An updated list of over 1900 references




Natural Production of Organohalogen Compounds


Book Description

This book summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge on naturally occurring organohalogens, of which more than 3700 are documented. The chapters cover all aspects of this field, including the structural diversity and sources of organohalogens, the mechanisms for their formation and biodegradation, the clinical use of dichloroacetate, and the synthesis of the powerful anticancer chlorine-containing cryptophycin. Both biogenic and abiogenic sources of organohalogens are treated, the latter of which include volcanic emissions and abiogenic formation in soil. Halogenation in humans, fungi, and in the ocean are covered in separate chapters. Sources and biosynthesis of the relatively rare natural organofluorines are also discussed in this volume. By better understanding of the role nature plays in the area of organohalogens, we can more intelligently regulate the production, use, and disposal of man-made organohalogen compounds.




Contaminated Sediments


Book Description

With contributions by numerous experts