The “Hidden” Prehistory of European Research Networking


Book Description

The main purpose of this book, which mostly covers the period 19841993, is about the history of European research networking. In particular, it strives to throw some light on some lesser known, sometimes forgotten, aspects of the European research networking history, as the EARN and EASInet initiatives from IBM but also DEC (EARN/OSI), thanks to operational pan-European networks, which were built during the period 19841990 thus allowing the start of operational European academic and research networking services in a very effective and swift manner. A secondary purpose of this article is to make a critical assessment of the political and technical achievements of the European NRENs and especially those of DANTE, the company set up by these same NRENs to build and operate a pan-European backbone interconnecting their national networking infrastructures as well as establishing international connections to other NRENs worldwide.




Technology Meets Research - 60 Years Of Cern Technology: Selected Highlights


Book Description

'The contributions from leading scientists of the day collected in this relatively slim book document CERN's 60-year voyage of innovation and discovery, the repercussions of which vindicate the vision of those who drove the foundation of the laboratory — European in constitution, but global in impact. The spirit of inclusive collaboration, which was a key element of the original vision for the laboratory, together with the aim of technical innovation and scientific excellence, are reflected in each of the articles in this unique volume.'CERN Courier'Big' science and advanced technology are known to cross-fertilize. This book emphasizes the interplay between particle physics and technology at CERN that has led to breakthroughs in both research and technology over the laboratory's first 60 years. The innovations, often the work of individuals or by small teams, are illustrated with highlights describing selected technologies from the domains of accelerators and detectors. The book also presents the framework and conditions prevailing at CERN that enabled spectacular advances in technology and contributed to propel the European organization into the league of leading research laboratories in the world.While the book is specifically aimed at providing information for the technically interested general public, more expert readers may also appreciate the broad variety of subjects presented. Ample references are given for those who wish to further explore a given topic.




History of Nordic Computing 4


Book Description

This book constitutes the refereed post-proceedings of the 4th IFIP WG 9.7 Conference on the History of Nordic Computing, HiNC 4, held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in August 2014. The 37 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this volume. The papers focus on innovative ICT milestones that transformed the nordic societies and on the new ideas, systems and solutions that helped creating the welfare societies of today, in particular solutions and systems for public services, e.g., tax, social benefits, health care and education; solutions and systems for the infrastructure of the society, e.g., banking, insurance, telephones, transport and energy supply; and technologies and IT policies behind the major IT milestones, e.g., user centric innovation, programming techniques and IT ethics. They are organized in topical sections on IT policy, infrastructure, public services, private services, telesystems, health care, IT in banking, transport and IT technology.




Transforming Politics and Policy in the Digital Age


Book Description

Digital technology and the Internet have greatly affected the political realm in recent years, allowing citizens greater input and interaction in government processes. The mainstream media no longer holds all the power in political commentary. Transforming Politics and Policy in the Digital Age provides an updated assessment of the implications of technology for society and the realm of politics. The book covers issues presented by the technological changes on policy making and offers a wide array of perspectives. This publication will appeal to researchers, politicians, policy analysts, and academics working in e-government and politics.




Reconsidering Europeanization


Book Description

This pertinent and highly original volume explores how ideas of Europe and processes of continental political, socio-economic, and cultural integration have been intertwined since the nineteenth century. Applying a wider definition of Europeanization in the sense of "becoming European", it will pay equal attention to counter-processes of disentanglement and disintegration that have accompanied, slowed down, or displaced such trends and developments. By focusing on the practices, agents, and experience of Europeanization, the volume strives to bring together the history of ideas and the history of human actions and conduct, two approaches that are usually treated separately in the field of European studies.




Showcasing Space


Book Description

This volume explores the meaning of space artifacts, both as products of particular historical settings and as windows for understanding technological and cultural change. Seven contributors, most of whom are museum curators, address these challenges through the history of particular artifacts, highlighting differences and commonalities across technologies, institutions, professional communities, projects and geographical contexts. The essays sample the broad range of space activity--from launch vehicles to satellites and space capsules, from military to commercial and scientific purposes. They include an exploration of the Black Arrow rocket project in Britain, the European Launcher Development Organization, the Apollo 204 spacecraft in the United States, the Iridium commercial global satellite communications system, the Soviet space program, and rocket recovery in Australia. What stories can space artifacts tell? What kinds of information and experiences might real objects convey that images and representations do not? Do they speak for themselves, or do they represent a dense sediment of human agency, culture and technology needing interpretation by experts? And, more particularly, in what ways do space artifacts originating in Cold War culture pose historiographic questions and issues that do not arise from artifacts with other histories? Questions such as these speak to the Artifacts series' purpose: To explore the overlapping interests of museums and historians of science and technology in understanding artifacts, as well as presenting that understanding to scholarly and general publics. This series is sponsored by the Science Museum in London, UK, the Deutsches Museum in Munich, Germany, and the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC, US--three of the world's great repositories of material heritage in the history of technology.




Historical Origins of International Criminal Law


Book Description

The historical origins of international criminal law go beyond the key trials of Nuremberg and Tokyo but remain a topic that has not received comprehensive and systematic treatment. This anthology aims to address this lacuna by examining trials, proceedings, legal instruments and publications that may be said to be the building blocks of contemporary international criminal law. It aspires to generate new knowledge, broaden the common hinterland to international criminal law, and further consolidate this relatively young discipline of international law. The anthology and research project also seek to question our fundamental assumptions of international criminal law by going beyond the geographical, cultural, and temporal limits set by the traditional narratives of its history, and by questioning the roots of its substance, process, and institutions. Ultimately, we hope to raise awareness and generate further discussion about the historical and intellectual origins of international criminal law and its social function. The contributions to the three volumes of this study bring together experts with different professional and disciplinary expertise, from diverse continents and legal traditions. Volume 1 comprises contributions by prominent international lawyers and researchers including Judge LIU Daqun, Professor David Cohen, Geoffrey Robertson QC, Professor Paulus Mevis and Professor Jan Reijntjes.







News Networks in Early Modern Europe


Book Description

In News Networks 35 scholars from 10 countries give a new account of the history of European news, emphasising its transnational character and the international transmission of forms and modes of news as well as information.




Transnational Networks in Regional Integration


Book Description

Contributors to this volume use newly available sources to challenge the widely held assumption that European integration developed in the 1980s. They demonstrate how various networks influenced constitutional choices and policy decisions after World War II.