› › The Influence Of Intrapersonal Interpersonal And Environmental Factors On Dietary Intake And Quality Of Overweight And Obese Low Socioeconomic Status Urban Youth

The Influence of Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, and Environmental Factors on Dietary Intake and Quality of Overweight and Obese, Low-Socioeconomic Status, Urban Youth

Author : Sarah D. Jones

Publisher :

Page : 493 pages

File Size : 18,20 MB

Release : 2019

Category : Obesity in adolescence

ISBN :

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Book Description

BACKGROUND: Disparities in the prevalence of childhood obesity exist among children from different race and socioeconomic groups. While these factors cannot cause obesity, these factors, along with many other factors may influence dietary intake and quality, both major contributors to obesity. PURPOSE: This research examined the relationships between intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental factors with dietary intake and quality as children transitioned into adolescence. METHODS: Data from a 7-year childhood obesity trial were used. Dietary intake (calories, added sugar, total fat, saturated fat, protein, sodium, calories per kilogram body weight) and diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2010 total score) were measured through 3, 24-hour recalls. Intrapersonal factors (demographics, generational obesity, self-efficacy for diet), interpersonal factors (parental rules, family/peer support for healthy eating), and home and school environmental factors were self-reported. Neighborhood food environment was measured through the proportion of unhealthy food establishments within a 0.5-mile of home and school. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression was used to identify significant factors associated with all outcomes at 11-12 years and 14-15 years, as well as to examine the association between changes in the environment with changes in dietary outcomes over time. RESULTS: Results showed several intrapersonal (gender, generational obesity, self-efficacy for diet), interpersonal (discouragement for healthy eating from friends), and environmental (both food within and around the home) factors simultaneously influenced dietary intake at ages 11-12. At ages 14-15, dietary intake was influenced by intrapersonal (gender, generational obesity, self-efficacy for diet) and environmental (food in home) factors, while diet quality was influenced by the home food environment. Over time, changes in the food available within and around the home were significantly associated with both dietary intake and quality. CONCLUSIONS: This research demonstrated the importance of utilizing a multilevel approach when examining factors that influence diet of overweight and obese youth. When examined together, environmental factors, particularly the home food environment, appeared to be more important than personal or social influences; however, more research around the specific foods consumed both within and around the home needs to be completed. This study could influence the development of policies and interventions to improve diet and decrease obesity among low-SES, urban youth.



Environmental Influences on Dietary Intake of Children and Adolescents

Author : Jessica S. Gubbels

Publisher : MDPI

Page : 308 pages

File Size : 18,48 MB

Release : 2020-12-29

Category : Medical

ISBN : 3039365339

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Book Description

Childhood is a crucial period for establishing lifelong healthy nutritional habits. The environment has an important influence on children’s dietary intake. This book focuses on the influence of environmental factors on the dietary intake of children and adolescents (0–18 years of age) within various settings including home, early care and education, school, college, holiday clubs, neighborhoods, and supermarkets. The reported studies examine a variety of factors within these settings, including the influence of cooking and parenting, teacher style, resources and barriers within various settings, marketing, and many other factors. The dietary intake behaviors examined include snacking, fruit and vegetable intake, beverage intake, and also nutrition in general. In addition, several papers focus on problems caused by inadequate nutrition, such as hunger and obesity. This work underlines the importance of the environment in influencing children’s and adolescents’ dietary intake. In addition, the papers identified some crucial barriers and facilitators for the implementation of environmental changes to enable a healthy diet for young children. Therefore, it provides some important directions for both future research and practice.





Associations Between Eating Behaviors, Diet Quality and Body Mass Index Among Adolescents

Author : Megan C. Lawless

Publisher :

Page : 89 pages

File Size : 39,53 MB

Release : 2018

Category : Body mass index

ISBN :

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Book Description

"The prevalence of overweight and obesity are high in the U.S. and affect the population across all sociodemographic groups. Research shows that eating behaviors influence dietary intake as well as weight status, but both are complex processes that are influenced by a variety of biological, personal, behavioral, and environmental factors. Typically, adolescence is characterized by increased intakes of high-energy foods and beverages, higher obesity rates, as well as increasing prevalence of unhealthy weight management practices compared to younger age groups. Despite the obesogenic epidemic and high prevalence of unhealthy diets among adolescents, little is known about how eating behaviors, such as disinhibition and restraint, function in relation to weight and dietary outcomes in this age group. The purpose of the current research was to examine the associations between the two dysregulated eating behaviors, disinhibition and restraint, in relation to BMI and overall diet quality in a sample of adolescents. Subjects were 16-year olds participating in a longitudinal study that examines self-regulation as a predictor of cardiometabolic risks among adolescents. Disinhibition and restraint were measured using the subscales of the Three- Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). Dietary intake was assessed from 24 hour-dietary recalls that were used to calculate the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI). Two separate hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to test whether restraint moderated the associations between disinhibition and overall diet quality and BMI-for-age percentile. After adjusting for race and SES, the interaction effect between disinhibition and restraint fell short of statistical significance in the model that predicted BMI-for-age percentile (b=-.231 p=.176). There was a main effect of disinhibition on BMI-for-age percentiles (b=1.754, p=.012) such that individuals reporting higher scores for disinhibition had greater BMI-for-age percentiles. There was also a significant main effect of restraint on BMI-for-age percentile (b=.961, p=.038) so as the scores for restraint increased, so did BMI-for-age percentile. HEI-2010 scores were significantly associated with restraint scores (p=.009). Post-hoc probing revealed that at a high level of restraint, the association between disinhibition and HEI scores was non-significant (B=-.669, p=0.136). At low levels of restraint, there was a trend towards positive association between disinhibition and HEI-2010 score; however, this was statistically non-significant (B=1.073, p=0.069). In conclusion, the present study suggests that high levels of restraint independently predict both better diet quality and lower BMI-for-age percentiles, while disinhibition predicts only higher BMI-for-age percentiles among adolescents. Future studies should examine other factors, such as dieting status, to better understand these relationships in this target population."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.



Communities in Action

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher : National Academies Press

Page : 583 pages

File Size : 14,53 MB

Release : 2017-04-27

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0309452961

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Book Description

In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.



Impact of the Home Food Environment on Dietary Intake, Obesity and Cardiovascular Health of U.S. Children and Adolescents, Aged 6-19

Author : Melissa A. Masters

Publisher :

Page : 130 pages

File Size : 12,52 MB

Release : 2012

Category : Cardiovascular fitness

ISBN : 9781267535627

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Book Description

Youth obesity is an ongoing problem in the United States. Obese children and adolescents are likely to be obese as adults and have an increased risk of developing chronic diseases, including coronary heart disease, earlier in life. The multifactorial nature of obesity continues to challenge researchers and health professionals to determine methods for preventing and reducing childhood obesity. Research has suggested that obesity is a normal response to an "obesigenic" environment. Emerging as one of the most influential environments in obesity and behavior development is the home food environment. However, little is understood about the role of the home food environment in obesity and disease development in youth. The purpose of this research was to examine factors that influence the home food environment as well as the relationship between the home food environment and dietary intake, obesity, and disease development in a nationally representative sample of U.S. youth aged 6-19 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Race-ethnicity and poverty income ratio (PIR) were found to influence home food availability, family meal patterns, and family food expenditures, three aspects of the home food environment. Race-ethnicity, PIR, and home food availability appeared to influence dietary consumption in youth. However, home food availability did not appear to be related to overweight or obesity in youth. Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents was associated with adverse lipid concentrations. The home food environment is complex but may serve as a modifiable area for nutrition educators to influence dietary intake in youth. Racial and socioeconomic disparities in home food environments should be addressed in the development of effective public policy and nutrition education development. Although the home food environment was not found to be related to obesity in youth, research should continue assessing environmental factors of obesity development as obesity is related to disease development earlier in life.





Influence of the Home Environment on Diet Quality and Weight Status of Adolescents

Author : Tamara Tabbakh

Publisher :

Page : 268 pages

File Size : 29,14 MB

Release : 2015

Category :

ISBN :

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Book Description

The home environment is a critical setting for the development of weight status in adolescence. At present a limited number of valid and reliable tools are available to evaluate the weight-related comprehensive home environment of this population. Aim 1a was to develop and validate the Multidimensional Home Environment Scale (MHES), which measures multiple components of the home. This scale includes psychological, social, and environmental domains from the perspective of adolescents and their mothers. After establishing content validity via an expert panel in nutrition, a validation sample of 218 mother-adolescent dyads completed a demographics survey and original version of the MHES. A focus group with the target population of adolescents (n=7) was conducted and feedback regarding item difficulty, content, bias, and relevance was incorporated. Principal components analysis yielded a 12-factor structure for adolescents and 14-factor structure for mothers. Internal consistency reliability was achieved for the majority of subscales, with [alpha]=0.5-0.9 for adolescents and [alpha]=0.7-0.9 for mothers. In addition, the MHES showed test-retest reliability for both adolescents (r=0.90) and mothers (r=0.91). Aim 1 b was to develop and validate a Nutrition Knowledge scale using the same sample as Aim 1a. Nutrition knowledge was assessed in this sample of 114 dyads. A 20-item scale was modified from previous version developed by the author. This instrument was composed of multiple-choice questions classified into four categories of knowledge: macronutrient, micronutrient, healthy eating and physical activity recommendations and fast-food nutrition. Content validity of the scale was established using feedback from an expert panel in nutrition (n=10) and a focus group of the sample population tested (n=7). The scale demonstrated high internal consistency reliability (adolescents: [alpha]=0.70, mothers: [alpha]=0.78) and test-retest reliability (adolescents: r=0.47, p=0.01, mothers: r=0.77, p=0.00). Aim 2 was to examine the impact of the comprehensive home environment on diet quality and weight status of adolescents using the MHES. A sample of 206 mothers and adolescents were recruited from local middle schools in the Austin area and completed a demographics survey, final version of the MHES, Food Frequency Questionnaire, and a Nutrition Knowledge scale online. Weight and height of adolescents were measured by the author using a standard protocols. Body Mass Index (BMI)-for-age percentiles were determined using the Center for Disease Control growth charts. Diet quality was estimated using the Healthy Eating Index-2010. Two models were created and reported in this dissertation. The first univariate model included each of the home environment factors as independent variables, and diet quality and BMI as dependent variables. The second model was developed using significant variables only from the initial model. Availability of healthy foods (p=0.00), healthy eating attitude (p=0.01), and accessibility to unhealthy foods (p=0.04) in the home were the strongest predictors of diet quality. Self-efficacy (p=0.02) and availability of healthy foods (p=0.02) emerged as significant predictors of BMI. Aim 3 of this dissertation research was to determine the effect of nutrition knowledge on the home environment and diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index-2010. This aim was accomplished using the same sample as Aim 2. It was hypothesized that the comprehensive home, with its psychological, social, and environmental features, would mediate the relationship between maternal nutrition knowledge and diet quality. A non-linear relationship between nutrition knowledge of the mother and diet quality of the adolescent was observed. Inclusion of the mediator in the model yielded significant estimates of the indirect effect ([beta]=0.61, 95% CI: 0.3-1.0), with a 65.2% reduction in the model. This suggests that the home environment functioned as a partial mediator of the influence of nutrition knowledge on diet quality. Then, mediation analysis with the combination of psychological, social, and environmental factors was conducted in three separate regressions. Psychological ([beta]=0.46), social ([beta]=0.23), and environmental ([beta]=0.65) variables were all significant mediators of nutrition knowledge on diet quality. Collectively, these results suggest that the MHES is an appropriate tool for measurement of the nutritional home environment of adolescents. The home environment appeared to significantly modulate diet quality and BMI of adolescents, particularly with respect to availability of healthy foods, healthy eating attitudes, and self-efficacy.



Longitudinal Effects of Obesogenic Food Environments on Body Mass Index and Executive Functioning in Low-income Adolescents

Author : Jamil M.. Lane

Publisher :

Page : 0 pages

File Size : 47,66 MB

Release : 2021

Category : African American teenagers

ISBN :

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Book Description

"Obesogenic food environmental factors are associated with unhealthy dietary intake and obesity among adolescents. Evidence suggests that adverse environmental factors can have a negative effect on executive functioning. The investigation of how the obesogenic food environment influences the development of executive functioning over time remains unexamined. The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal effect of obesogenic food environmental factors on body mass index (BMI) and executive functioning among low-income African American adolescents. Analyses were based on four waves of data collected between 1994-2014 from the Memphis New Mothers Study, a longitudinal randomized controlled trial (RCT) of low-SES women and their first-born children's health and overall well-being. Using control group data only, latent growth modeling was used to analyze whether the obesogenic food environment at age 4.5 years is associated with changes in BMI and executive functioning over three time-points and what time-varying and time-invariant variables predict these changes. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify subgroups (classes) based on individual longitudinal trajectories of impulsivity, cognitive inflexibility, and working memory performance in adolescents. In addition, binomial or multinomial regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations between the hypothesized primary predictor (mRFEI) and covariates with the participant trajectory class memberships. Results indicated that maternal smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy was associated with the rate of change over time of impulsivity scores over the 12 years of the study. Prenatal alcohol use during pregnancy was associated with cognitive inflexibility at baseline and from ages 6 to 18. Maternal education at age 6 and neighborhood disorganization at ages 6 and 18 were also associated with cognitive inflexibility. Boys had lower age 6 baseline scores and quicker rates of increased working memory changes than girls. Gestational age was associated with baseline working memory scores. Birth weight was associated with the linear change in working memory, and household income and neighborhood disorganization were also associated with working memory in youth ages 12 and 18. Contrary to the study's hypotheses, the obesogenic food environment at age 4.5 did not explain the variance in boys' and girls' BMI categories, executive functioning at baseline, or variance in change over time for the overall sample. Growth mixture modeling enabled identification of the following distinct trajectory classes of executive functioning: (1) impulsivity: moderate-stable and moderate-increasing; (2) cognitive inflexibility: low-stable, very high-stable, and moderate-stable; (3) working memory: deficient-stable, low-stable, and moderate-stable. For impulsivity, results indicated no significant associations between the chosen predictors or covariates with class membership. For cognitive inflexibility, using the moderate-stable class as the reference group, higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with membership in the low-stable and very high-stable classes. Also, neighborhood disorganization was associated with membership of the low-stable cognitive inflexibility class, but not the very high-stable class. For working memory, mRFEI scores were statistically associated with membership in the low-stable working memory class versus the moderate-stable working memory class (reference group), suggesting that working memory trajectories may be negatively affected by early exposure to obesogenic environments. Although obesogenic food environment was associated only with working memory trajectory class membership, other neighborhood indices were associated with specific trajectories in executive functioning, but not children's BMI. Also, maternal behaviors during pregnancy were associated with executive functioning trajectories. To further advance the knowledge and understanding about environmental risk factors on executive functioning in youth, more nuanced measures of obesogenic environment and addition of eating behaviors would be necessary. Nevertheless, the current insights support designing nutritional and cognitive developmental programming and educational interventions to ensure that adolescents receive adequate nutrition for cognitive health."--Pages xvi-xviii.



Obesity in Youth

Author : Leslie J. Heinberg

Publisher : American Psychological Association (APA)

Page : 264 pages

File Size : 13,11 MB

Release : 2009

Category : Health & Fitness

ISBN :

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Book Description

In this thorough and incisive book, the editors have employed a group of researchers to describe trends and discuss their implications for the assessment, treatment, and prevention of obesity in youth.