Bank Guarantees in International Trade:The Law and Practice of Independent (First Demand) Guarantees and Standby Letters of Credit in Civil Law and Common Law Jurisdictions


Book Description

A number of practical implications and issues can arise in the daily functioning of independent (first demand) guarantees and standby letters of credit. Bank Guarantees in International Trade provides a comprehensive, highly readable study of the legal and practical aspects and implications of these instruments, broadening the reader's understanding of the law on the subject. This work comprises all reported case law from the Netherlands, Germany, France, The United Kingdom, and Belgium and also takes into account the law in certain other European countries And The United States. it examines the governing law of bank guarantees in numerous regions, particularly within the Middle East and North Africa. The Appendix includes, among other materials, The text of the 1992 ICC Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees, The 1995 UNCITRAL Convention, and many sample texts. Its transnational perspective enhances the value of this work, making it useful in other jurisdictions. This second edition contains thoroughly revised, updated, and amended material which reflects new developments in the law and changing patterns in practice and accounts For The introduction of new techniques and problem areas. Bankers and lawyers in particular will find Bank Guarantees in International Trade an insightful and informative work.




The Law of Letters of Credit


Book Description

The Law of Letters of Credit - Commercial and Standby Credits is the fourth edition of a traditional treatise on a rather narrow legal subject. Letters of credit fall into two categories: (1) commercials, which find use in international sales; and (2) standbys that are a common device in many domestic transactions. As international trade becomes more and more rationalized, the use of commercials has diminished; but the use of the standby has enjoyed something of a boom, for it accomplishes much that security interests, suretyship arrangements, and other credit enhancing devices accomplish and does it with significantly lower transaction costs. Regrettably, the parties using letters of credit often are unaware of the credit's legal significance. This treatise covers the legal features of the commercial and the standby, all in a global context. While it is codified to some extent in the Uniform Commercial Code, the law of letters of credit is largely the law merchant, the ius gentium; and the UCC defers in many respects to international rules. Thus, the treatise deals with those international rules and cites cases from virtually all of the common-law jurisdictions in an effort to provide complete coverage of the field.













The Law of Letters of Credit


Book Description

This treatise addresses all standby and commercial letter of credit problems and provides guidance through the case law under UCC Article 5. Establishing, amending, and terminating the letter of credit is discussed in detail.







Microfinance Handbook


Book Description

The purpose of the 'Microfinance Handbook' is to bring together in a single source guiding principles and tools that will promote sustainable microfinance and create viable institutions.




NCUA Examiner's Guide


Book Description