Author : Wolfgang Spohn
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 615 pages
File Size : 24,19 MB
Release : 2012-03-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0199697507
Wolfgang Spohn presents the first full account of the dynamic laws of belief, by means of ranking theory, a relative of probability theory which he has pioneered since the 1980s. He offers novel insights into the nature of laws, the theory of causation, inductive reasoning and its experiential base, and a priori principles of reason.
Author : Brian Tracy
Publisher : Berrett-Koehler Publishers
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 22,10 MB
Release : 2002-01-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1605098981
Why are some people more successful in business? Why do some businesses flourish where others fail? Renowned business speaker and author, Brian Tracy, tackles these puzzling questions through a set of principles or universal laws one needs to follow to become successful in the world of business. In The 100 Absolutely Unbreakable Laws of Business Success, Tracy draws on his thirty years of experience and knowledge to present a set of principles or "universal laws" that lie behind the success of business people everywhere, in every kind of enterprise, large and small. These are natural laws, he says, and they work everywhere and for everyone, virtually without exception. Every year, thousands of companies underperform or even fail and millions of individuals underachieve, frustrated by thwarted ambition and dreams-all because they either attempted to violate or did not know these universal laws. But ignorance of the law is no excuse! Tracy breaks the 100 laws down into nine major categories: Life, Success, Business, Leadership, Money, Economics, Selling, Negotiating, and Time Management. Drawing on a lifetime of observation, investigation, and experience, Tracy not only identifies and defines each law, he also reveals its source and foundation, whether in science, nature, philosophy, experience, or common sense. He illustrates how it functions in the world using real-life anecdotes and examples shows how to apply it to your life and work through specific questions and practical steps and exercises that everyone can use-sometimes in just minutes-to begin the journey toward greater business success.
Author : Wolfgang Spohn
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : pages
File Size : 16,13 MB
Release : 2012-03-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0191629278
Wolfgang Spohn presents the first full account of the dynamic laws of belief, by means of ranking theory. This book is his long-awaited presentation of ranking theory and its ramifications. He motivates and introduces the basic notion of a ranking function, which recognises degrees of belief and at the same time accounts for belief simpliciter. He provides a measurement theory for ranking functions, accounts for auto-epistemology in ranking-theoretic terms, and explicates the basic notion of a (deductive or non-deductive) reason. The rich philosophical applications of Spohn's theory include: a new account of lawlikeness, an account of ceteris paribus laws, a new perspective on dispositions, a rich and detailed theory of deterministic causation, an understanding of natural modalities as an objectification of epistemic modalities, an account of the experiential basis of belief—and thus a restructuring of the debate on foundationalism and coherentism (and externalism and contextualism)—and, finally, a revival of fundamental a priori principles of reason fathoming the basics of empiricism and the relation between reason and truth, and concluding in a proof of a weak principle of causality. All this is accompanied by thorough comparative discussions, on a general level as well as within each topic, and in particular with respect to probability theory.
Author : Jean d'Aspremont
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 179 pages
File Size : 38,36 MB
Release : 2018
Category : Law
ISBN : 1108421873
Offers a new perspective on international law and international legal argumentation: to what event is international law a belief system?
Author : Scott A. Merriman
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 679 pages
File Size : 12,73 MB
Release : 2007-05-18
Category : Religion
ISBN : 185109864X
This work is a comprehensive survey of one of the oldest—and hottest—debates in American history: the role of religion in the public discourse. The relationship between church and state was contentious long before the framers of the Constitution undertook the bold experiment of separating the two, sparking a debate that would rage for centuries: What is the role of religion in government—and vice versa? Religion and the Law in America explores the many facets of this question, from prayer in public schools to the addition of the phrase "under God" to the Pledge of Allegiance, from government investigation of religious fringe groups to federal grants for faith-based providers of social services. In more than 250 A–Z entries, along with a series of broad, thematic essays, it examines the groups, laws, and court cases that have framed this ongoing debate. Through its careful, balanced exploration of the interaction between government and religion throughout the history of the United States, the work provides all Americans—students, scholars, and lay readers alike—with a deep understanding of one of the central, enduring issues in our history.
Author : David Christensen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 37,96 MB
Release : 2004-11-04
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0199263256
What role, if any, does formal logic play in characterizing epistemically rational belief? Traditionally, belief is seen in a binary way - either one believes a proposition, or one doesn't. Given this picture, it is attractive to impose certain deductive constraints on rational belief: that one's beliefs be logically consistent, and that one believe the logical consequences of one's beliefs. A less popular picture sees belief as a graded phenomenon. This picture (explored more bydecision-theorists and philosophers of science thatn by mainstream epistemologists) invites the use of probabilistic coherence to constrain rational belief. But this latter project has often involved defining graded beliefs in terms of preferences, which may seem to change the subject away fromepistemic rationality.Putting Logic in its Place explores the relations between these two ways of seeing beliefs. It argues that the binary conception, although it fits nicely with much of our commonsense thought and talk about belief, cannot in the end support the traditional deductive constraints on rational belief. Binary beliefs that obeyed these constraints could not answer to anything like our intuitive notion of epistemic rationality, and would end up having to be divorced from central aspects of ourcognitive, practical, and emotional lives.But this does not mean that logic plays no role in rationality. Probabilistic coherence should be viewed as using standard logic to constrain rational graded belief. This probabilistic constraint helps explain the appeal of the traditional deductive constraints, and even underlies the force of rationally persuasive deductive arguments. Graded belief cannot be defined in terms of preferences. But probabilistic coherence may be defended without positing definitional connections between beliefsand preferences. Like the traditional deductive constraints, coherence is a logical ideal that humans cannot fully attain. Nevertheless, it furnishes a compelling way of understanding a key dimension of epistemic rationality.
Author : Kaushik Basu
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 17,65 MB
Release : 2020-12-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0691210047
"[This book] argues that the traditional economic analysis of the law has significant flaws and has failed to answer certain critical questions satisfactorily. Why are good laws drafted but never implemented? When laws are unenforced, is it a failure of the law or the enforcers? And, most important, considering that laws are simply words on paper, why are they effective? Basu offers a provocative alternative to how the relationship between economics and real-world law enforcement should be understood. Basu summarizes standard, neoclassical law and economics before looking at the weaknesses underlying the discipline. Bringing modern game theory to bear, he develops a 'focal point' approach, modeling not just the self-interested actions of the citizens who must follow laws but also the functionaries of the state: the politicians, judges, and bureaucrats enforcing them. He demonstrates the connections between social norms and the law and shows how well conceived ideas can change and benefit human behavior. For example, bribe givers and takers will collude when they are treated equally under the law. And in food support programs, vouchers should be given directly to the poor to prevent shop owners from selling subsidized rations on the open market. Basu provides a new paradigm for the ways that law and economics interact: a framework applicable to both less developed countries and the developed world"--Jacket.
Author : Heiner Bielefeldt
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 701 pages
File Size : 37,11 MB
Release : 2016
Category : Law
ISBN : 0198703988
This commentary on freedom of religion or belief provides a comprehensive overview of the pressing issues of freedom of religion or belief from an international law perspective.
Author : Ryuho Okawa
Publisher : Jaico Publishing House
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 27,96 MB
Release : 2019-10-17
Category : Self-Help
ISBN : 9388423194
One World Beyond Differences You probably have spiritual questions in your mind whether you are an observant Christian, Muslim, Jew, Hindu, or a believer of another religion, and even if you are an agnostic, or an atheist. In The Laws of Faith, Ryuho Okawa explores answers to questions about faith and provides guidance on how to overcome differences of beliefs, at a time in which politics, economics, culture and information have become increasingly global and divisive. This book offers us a chance to discover the secrets of the God of the Earth who has been guiding humankind since time immemorial. Through believing in His Love, humankind can overcome differences and unite as one. “Eventually, you will have to call the name of God. And revealing the name of God is the mission of this book.” What the world needs now is love. By believing that both you and others are beings eternally nurtured through God’s Love, you can forgive others and transcend hatred on the personal, group, racial, national, and global levels. A spiritual leader, contemporary visionary and founder of Happy Science, Ryuho Okawa has devoted his life to the Truth and ways to happiness. Born in 1956 in Japan, Okawa studied law in Tokyo and then international finance in New York. In 1986 he renounced his business career at a major Japanese trading house and established Happy Science. In 1987, he established the IRH Press Co. Ltd. Since then, Okawa has published over 2,400 books including bestselling titles such as The Laws of the Sun, The Golden Laws and The Laws of Eternity.
Author : Robert Greene
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 18,1 MB
Release : 2023-10-31
Category : Self-Help
ISBN : 0670881465
Amoral, cunning, ruthless, and instructive, this multi-million-copy New York Times bestseller is the definitive manual for anyone interested in gaining, observing, or defending against ultimate control – from the author of The Laws of Human Nature. In the book that People magazine proclaimed “beguiling” and “fascinating,” Robert Greene and Joost Elffers have distilled three thousand years of the history of power into 48 essential laws by drawing from the philosophies of Machiavelli, Sun Tzu, and Carl Von Clausewitz and also from the lives of figures ranging from Henry Kissinger to P.T. Barnum. Some laws teach the need for prudence (“Law 1: Never Outshine the Master”), others teach the value of confidence (“Law 28: Enter Action with Boldness”), and many recommend absolute self-preservation (“Law 15: Crush Your Enemy Totally”). Every law, though, has one thing in common: an interest in total domination. In a bold and arresting two-color package, The 48 Laws of Power is ideal whether your aim is conquest, self-defense, or simply to understand the rules of the game.
