Developer Testing


Book Description

How do successful agile teams deliver bug-free, maintainable software—iteration after iteration? The answer is: By seamlessly combining development and testing. On such teams, the developers write testable code that enables them to verify it using various types of automated tests. This approach keeps regressions at bay and prevents “testing crunches”—which otherwise may occur near the end of an iteration—from ever happening. Writing testable code, however, is often difficult, because it requires knowledge and skills that cut across multiple disciplines. In Developer Testing, leading test expert and mentor Alexander Tarlinder presents concise, focused guidance for making new and legacy code far more testable. Tarlinder helps you answer questions like: When have I tested this enough? How many tests do I need to write? What should my tests verify? You’ll learn how to design for testability and utilize techniques like refactoring, dependency breaking, unit testing, data-driven testing, and test-driven development to achieve the highest possible confidence in your software. Through practical examples in Java, C#, Groovy, and Ruby, you’ll discover what works—and what doesn’t. You can quickly begin using Tarlinder’s technology-agnostic insights with most languages and toolsets while not getting buried in specialist details. The author helps you adapt your current programming style for testability, make a testing mindset “second nature,” improve your code, and enrich your day-to-day experience as a software professional. With this guide, you will Understand the discipline and vocabulary of testing from the developer’s standpoint Base developer tests on well-established testing techniques and best practices Recognize code constructs that impact testability Effectively name, organize, and execute unit tests Master the essentials of classic and “mockist-style” TDD Leverage test doubles with or without mocking frameworks Capture the benefits of programming by contract, even without runtime support for contracts Take control of dependencies between classes, components, layers, and tiers Handle combinatorial explosions of test cases, or scenarios requiring many similar tests Manage code duplication when it can’t be eliminated Actively maintain and improve your test suites Perform more advanced tests at the integration, system, and end-to-end levels Develop an understanding for how the organizational context influences quality assurance Establish well-balanced and effective testing strategies suitable for agile teams




Advances in Experimental Surgery


Book Description

Experimental surgery is an important link for the development in clinical surgery, research and teaching. Experimental surgery was part of the most important surgical discoveries in the past century. Since 1901 nine Nobel Prizes have been awarded to the pioneers had remarkable achievements in the basic or practical surgery. In recent 20 years, experimental surgery has achieved new advances, like laparoscopic and robotic surgery, tissue engineering, and gene therapy which are widely applied in clinic surgery. The present book covers wide experimental surgery in preclinical research models subdivided in two volumes. Volume I introduces surgical basic notions, techniques, and different surgical models involved in basic experimental surgery and review the biomechanical models, ischemia/reperfusion injury models, repair and regeneration models, and organ and tissue transplantation models, respectively. Volume II introduces several specific experimental models such as laparoscopic and bariatric experimental surgical models. The second volume also introduces graft-versus-host disease, and other experimental models. Review the advances and development of recent techniques such as tissue engineering, organ preservation, wound healing and scarring, gene therapy and robotic surgery. The book documents the enormous volume of knowledge we have acquired in the field of experimental surgery. In this book, we have invited experts from the United States, Canada, France, Germany, China, Japan, Korea, UK, Sweden, Netherland, Hungary and Turkey to contribute 36 chapters in the fields of their expertise. These two volumes are the compilation of basic experimental surgery and updated advances of new development in this field that will be invaluable to surgeons, residents, graduate students, surgical researchers, physicians, immunologists, veterinarians and nurses in surgery.




Skill and Education: Reflection and Experience


Book Description

This book has an important starting point in the conference held in Stockholm in May-June 1988 on Culture, Language and Artifidal Intelligence. It assembled more than 300 researchers and practitioners in the fields of technology, philosophy, history of ideas, literature, linguistics, sodal science etc. The conference was an initiative from the Swedish Center for Working Life, based on the project AI-Based Systems and the Future of Language, Knowledge and Responsibility in Professions within the COST 13 programme of the European Commission. Partidpants in the conference and researchers related to its aims were chosen to contribute to this book. It is preceded by Knowledge, Skill and Artificial Intelligence (ed. B. Göranzon and I. Josefson, Springer-Verlag, 1988), Artifidal Intelligence, Culture and Language (ed. B. Göranzon and M. Florin, Springer-Verlag, 1990) and Dialogue and Technology: Art and Knowledge (ed. B. Göranzon and M. Florin, Springer-Verlag, 1991). The two latter books have the same conference connection as this one, and their aim is to present the contours of a research field with a multitude of issues that demands thorough investigation. The contributors' thinking in this field varies greatly; so do their styles of writing. For example: contributors have varied in their choice of "he" or "helshe" for the third person. No distinc tion is intended, but chapters have been left with the original usage to avoid extensive changes. Similarly, individual contribu tor's preference as to notes or reference lists have been followed.




Anxiety 101


Book Description

"This is the book I've been waiting for. The field has needed a clear and thorough review of anxiety, and now it exists." Joseph LeDoux, PhD, author, The Emotional Brain and Synaptic Self Center for Neural Science, New York University "Anxiety 101, written by two prominent figures in the field of anxiety research, provides a thorough introduction to the concept of anxiety, placing it in the broad matrix of human concerns. The authors address evolutionary origins of anxiety, functions that anxiety and fear play in maintaining life, and ways in which these emotions can get out of control. An excellent introduction to students who want to understand the many ways in which scientists have approached the topic of anxiety." Charles S. Carver , PhD, Distinguished Professor of Psychology. Department of Psychology, University of Miami " What are the origins of anxiety?" How do we best assess anxiety? " How does anxiety affect cognitive outcomes? " Does intervention help? This book provides students with a clear understanding of anxiety research and practice. It reflects the substantial progress recently made in research in the areas of differentiation, new theoretical approaches, advances in locating the neurobiological underpinnings of anxiety and anxiety disorders, assessment, and treatment techniques. It covers many of the major contexts that produce anxiety in modern society, including tests, sports performance, social interaction, and more. The authors have culled vast amounts of up-to-date information on anxiety, including theory, research, assessment, individual differences, and interventions. Anxiety 101 draws upon contributions from the fields of personality and social psychology, stress, coping and emotions, psychobiology, and neuroscience in order to provide the most comprehensive information available. Key Features: " Provides a historical and theoretical approach to the study of anxiety" Presents a unified conceptual and research framework based on current transactional and cognitive-motivational views of stress and anxiety" Includes a state-of-the-art review of current theories, research findings, assessment, and treatment The Psych 101 Series Short, reader-friendly introductions to cutting-edge topics in psychology. With key concepts, controversial topics, and fascinating accounts of up-to-the-minute research, The Psych 101 Series is a valuable resource for all students of psychology and anyone interested in the field.




Learning Empire


Book Description

The First World War marked the end point of a process of German globalization that began in the 1870s. Learning Empire looks at German worldwide entanglements to recast how we interpret German imperialism, the origins of the First World War, and the rise of Nazism.




Handbook of Practical Immunohistochemistry


Book Description

In a conceptually current, quick-reference, Question & Answer format, the second edition of Handbook of Practical Immunohistochemistry: Frequently Asked Questions continues to provide a comprehensive and yet concise state-of-the-art overview of the major issues specific to the field of immunohistochemistry. With links to the authors Immunohistochemical Laboratory website, this volume creates a current and up-to-date information system on immunohistochemistry. This includes access to tissue microarrays (TMA) of over 10,000 tumors and normal tissue to validate common diagnostic panels and provide the best reproducible data for diagnostic purposes. Fully revised and updated from the first edition, the new features of the second edition include over 200 additional questions or revised questions with an IHC panel to answer each question; over 250 new color photos and illustrations; over 20 new useful biomarkers; hundreds of new references; several new chapters to cover phosphoproteins, rabbit monoclonal antibodies, multiplex IHC stains, overview of predictive biomarkers, and integration of IHC into molecular pathology; many new coauthors who are international experts in a related field; many updated IHC panels using Geisinger IHC data collected from over 10,000 tumors and normal tissues; and updated appendices containing detailed antibody information for both manual and automated staining procedures. Comprehensive yet practical and concise, the Handbook of Practical Immunohistochemistry: Frequently Asked Questions, Second Edition will be of great value for surgical pathologists, pathology residents and fellows, cytopathologists, and cytotechnologists.




Current Law


Book Description




Approaching Complex Diseases


Book Description

This volume – for pharmacologists, systems biologists, philosophers and historians of medicine – points to investigate new avenues in pharmacology research, by providing a full assessment of the premises underlying a radical shift in the pharmacology paradigm. The pharmaceutical industry is currently facing unparalleled challenges in developing innovative drugs. While drug-developing scientists in the 1990s mostly welcomed the transformation into a target-based approach, two decades of experience shows that this model is failing to boost both drug discovery and efficiency. Selected targets were often not druggable and with poor disease linkage, leading to either high toxicity or poor efficacy. Therefore, a profound rethinking of the current paradigm is needed. Advances in systems biology are revealing a phenotypic robustness and a network structure that strongly suggest that exquisitely selective compounds, compared with multitarget drugs, may exhibit lower than desired clinical efficacy. This appreciation of the role of polypharmacology has significant implications for tackling the two major sources of attrition in drug development, efficacy and toxicity. Integrating network biology and polypharmacology holds the promise of expanding the current opportunity space for druggable targets.




Surgical Research


Book Description

Contributors. -- Foreword. -- Preface. -- Getting Started. -- Assessing Available Information. -- Organizing and Preliminary Planning for Surgical Research -- Writing a Protocol: Animals, Humans, and Use of Biologic, Chemical, and Radiologic Agents. -- Grantsmanship. -- Informed Consent and the Protection of Human Research Subjects: Historical Perspectives and Guide to Current United States Regulations. -- Animal Care and Maintenance. -- Funding Strategies and Agencies: Academic-Industrial Relationships; Intellectual Property. -- Statistical Considerations. -- Use of Nonexperimental Studies to Evaluate Surgical Procedures and Other Interventions: The Challenge of Risk Adjustment. -- Measuring Surgical Outcomes. -- Design of Clinical Trials. -- Using Administrative Data for Clinical Research. -- Research in the Intensive Care Unit: Ethical and Methodological Issues. -- Research in the Operating Room. -- Effects of Age and Gender. -- Strategies, Principles, and Techniques Using Transgeni ...




In Ned's Head


Book Description

Eleven-year-old Ned, who prefers the name Treb, uses his diary to record his wild thoughts about romance, school, and his eventful life. Translated from the original Swedish.