The military-humanitarian complex in Afghanistan


Book Description

Violent conflict brings together two seemingly disparate groups: humanitarians and soldiers. This mixes and convolutes agendas, blurring lines that are often perceived to be sacrosanct. Delving deeply into the history and reasons of why these two groups work in close proximity, this study provide a unique insight into the history, ethical dilemmas and policy conundrums when aid workers operate close to the military. Using Afghanistan as a case study, analytical rigour, deep primary research and "field" knowledge are combined in an exceptional contribution to this important area. This book gives scholars and practitioners alike a nuanced perspective on the challenges faced by aid workers, military personnel and decision-makers alike in countries affected by violent conflicts, hosting foreign military interventions and receiving international aid.




Aid During Conflict


Book Description







AFGHANISTAN


Book Description

Photo: Chris Halton/British Army The distribution of aid by soldiers is not impartial as it promotes the image of one set of belligerents, experts say Indeed, such activities can jeopardize the safety and security of the communities receiving this aid as well as bona fide aid workers, they say. [...] "The objective of the mission was to help build confidence in the ANA [Afghan National Army] and ANP [Afghan National Police] as institutions, which had been undermined in the eyes of locals due to both real-life corruption and Taliban misinformation campaigns to exaggerate the problems," NATO said in a press release on 22 January. [...] "It is better for NATO to avoid using the term 'humanitarian' in describing its delivery of aid, when such activities are part of an overall military strategy to win the 'hearts and mind' of the local population and defeat the Taliban," Edward Burke, a researcher at the Madrid-based think-tank FRIDE, told IRIN. [...] Similar criticism has been aired by Antonio Donini, a humanitarian expert and senior researcher at the Feinstein International Center: "In my view the military should refrain from the direct provision of aid and in any case they should not call it 'humanitarian'." He said radios could benefit communities which have little access to information but the distribution of radio sets by the military cou. [...] Photo: Ebadi/WFP Humanitarian assistance by aid agencies is usually neutral, impartial, independent and needs- based "Counter-productive" The military's involvement in humanitarian and development activities not only blurs traditional boundaries between civil and military activities but jeopardizes the safety of aid workers and beneficiaries, aid agencies contend.




Civil-Military Cooperation in Crisis Management Operations. NATO CIMIC in Kosovo and Afghanistan


Book Description

Master's Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Politics - Topic: International relations, grade: 65/B, Dublin City University (School of Law and Government), language: English, abstract: The following thesis will offer a comprehensive outlook at civil-military cooperation. The first two chapters look at civil-military cooperation in general and demonstrate ways to analyse the concept of civil-military cooperation with approaches of civil-military relations and inter-organizational relations. The third and fourth chapter will look at the institutional theory and its explanatory framework for analysing civil-military cooperation. The analysis of civil-military cooperation in the institutional framework will occur with the method of the policy cycle and looks at the NATO CIMIC Framework and its implementation in the cases of Afghanistan and Kosovo. Since the end of the cold war, the number of conflicts and humanitarian crises increased and the efforts of the international community in crisis management occur in highly complex situations in which sole military or humanitarian efforts cannot provide a solution to the situation. Civil-Military cooperation has become the catchphrase when talking about how to manage and solve complex crises. There are two different understandings of the term civil-military cooperation. In its basic form, it describes ‘the interaction between civilian humanitarian actors and international forces during complex emergencies’. The second understanding was developed by the military and referred ‘to the liaison and coordination processes and mechanisms that are established to facilitate relations between military forces and civilian agencies’ ‘in order to achieve military objectives’. Both definitions are broad and allow every organization to develop their understanding of civil-military cooperation. The most known concept is CIMIC by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). However, other organization, like the United Nations (UN) or the European Union (EU), as well as humanitarian actors, have their understanding of civil-military cooperation. The interesting question is not how each organization understands civil-military cooperation, but how an organization formulate and implement the concept of civil-military cooperation as part of its institutional framework. Civil-military cooperation is used as a tool in crisis management, not by civilian organization, but by military one’s. [...]




Aid During Conflict


Book Description

Description and evaluation of relief, reconstruction, humanitarian, and humanitarian-type aid efforts in Afghanistan during the most intense phase of military operations, from September 2001 to June 2002. The efforts were generally successful, but there were serious coordination problems among the various civilian and military aid providers. Critical issues, both positive and negative, are identified, and a list of recommendations is provided for policymakers, implementers, and aid providers, based on lessons learned.




Humanitarian Military Intervention


Book Description

Military intervention in a conflict without a reasonable prospect of success is unjustifiable, especially when it is done in the name of humanity. Couched in the debate on the responsibility to protect civilians from violence and drawing on traditional 'just war' principles, the centralpremise of this book is that humanitarian military intervention can be justified as a policy option only if decision makers can be reasonably sure that intervention will do more good than harm. This book asks, 'Have past humanitarian military interventions been successful?' It defines success as saving lives and sets out a methodology for estimating the number of lives saved by a particular military intervention. Analysis of 17 military operations in six conflict areas that were thedefining cases of the 1990s-northern Iraq after the Gulf War, Somalia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Rwanda, Kosovo and East Timor-shows that the majority were successful by this measure. In every conflict studied, however, some military interventions succeeded while others failed, raising the question, 'Why have some past interventions been more successful than others?' This book argues that the central factors determining whether a humanitarian intervention succeeds are theobjectives of the intervention and the military strategy employed by the intervening states. Four types of humanitarian military intervention are offered: helping to deliver emergency aid, protecting aid operations, saving the victims of violence and defeating the perpetrators of violence. Thefocus on strategy within these four types allows an exploration of the political and military dimensions of humanitarian intervention and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each of the four types.Humanitarian military intervention is controversial. Scepticism is always in order about the need to use military force because the consequences can be so dire. Yet it has become equally controversial not to intervene when a government subjects its citizens to massive violation of their basic humanrights. This book recognizes the limits of humanitarian intervention but does not shy away from suggesting how military force can save lives in extreme circumstances.




Field Level Information Collaboration During Complex Humanitarian Emergencies and Peace Operations


Book Description

Multinational humanitarian and military efforts such as those seen in Somalia, Kosovo and Afghanistan are known as Complex Humanitarian Emergencies. These types of emergencies are complex and difficult to operate in because they contain political, military and humanitarian considerations. The various actors responding to a CHE can be divided into two distinct groups - military and civilian. Each of these groups needs the other to effectively respond to the crisis. Thus communication, collaboration and coordination are critical. Technology can play a significant role to enable information sharing between the various participants during CHEs. This thesis documents the continued development of a collaborative, Information Technology-based, operation support system designed to facilitate information sharing at the field/tactical level during CHE and Peace Operations. The operational support system was designed in the context of a Tactical Humanitarian Relief Habitat and will undergo a technical evaluation in a simulated CHE and Peace Operations environment. The end state of our research will result in recommendations for continued development of the habitat designed to be utilized in the Civil Military Operations Center of a CHE or Peace Operation.




Afghanistan - Aid, Armies and Empires


Book Description

As the battle for Afghanistan intensifies, with humanitarian workers increasingly finding themselves on the frontline, aid expert Peter Marsden draws on decades of personal experience in the country to unravel the relationship between great power politics and development, from the Great Game era to the present day. While the US has recently been criticized for blurring the distinctions between military and humanitarian operations, the use of aid to further great power strategic objectives is, Marsden finds, nothing new. Examining the interventions of the British in the 19th Century, the Soviets in 1979, and the US in 2001, he brings to light significant new information on the use of aid in pursuit of strategic objectives. Drawing on his own experience, he explains the changing relationship between the aid community and different Afghan governments, including the Taliban. His rigorously argued conclusions are surprising; and make compelling reading matter for military and humanitarian policymakers alike. Afghanistan: Aid, Armies and Empires offers both a coruscating exploration of the relationship between aid and power, and a fresh and original history of Afghanistan through the prism of great power politics.




Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan


Book Description

Nearly 1.9 million U.S. troops have been deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq since October 2001. Many service members and veterans face serious challenges in readjusting to normal life after returning home. This initial book presents findings on the most critical challenges, and lays out the blueprint for the second phase of the study to determine how best to meet the needs of returning troops and their families.