The Modernization of Islam and the Creation of a Multipolar World Order


Book Description

Modernization of Islam is a provocative analysis of the present global Islamic militancy, based on the author's 1995 article published in Global Times (Copenhagen, Denmark). The 2001 attack on the US and subsequent Western-led attacks on Afghanistan and Iraq have led political scientists to believe in Samuel Huntington's theory of a "clash of civilizations." The world's civilizations-Western, Islamic, Chinese, Japanese, Orthodox/Russian, Hindu, African, and Latin-will, according to this theory, align and engage in war on a civilizational basis. Although experts predict that Islamic militancy will last three to four decades, they are unable to predict its final outcome. Until 1900 no one was predicting that democracy would replace kingdoms in most European countries, or that Asian and African countries would gain independence within five to six decades. But, because of World Wars I and II, most European kingdoms were replaced by vibrant democracies, and colonial rulers had to leave most of Asia and Africa due to the destruction wrought on their economies during these wars. In order to give birth to a beautiful child, a woman has to go through the pains of labor. Europe had some of its labor pains in the last century, when World Wars I and II were necessary to change the global socio-economic and political environments of those times. Had those wars not occurred, much of Europe might still be ruled by monarchs, and most Asian and African countries might still be awaiting independence from their colonial masters. Islam is the only major religion imposed by government fiat anywhere in the world. Today Islamic civilization is going through what Europe went through between World Wars I and II. At the end of this crisis, the majority of Islamic nations will become secular and democratic, like Turkey: the world seat of the Islamic Caliphate since 1517, Turkey shed its fundamentalist rule in 1923 and has remained free ever since.




The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order


Book Description

The classic study of post-Cold War international relations, more relevant than ever in the post-9/11 world, with a new foreword by Zbigniew Brzezinski. Since its initial publication, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order has become a classic work of international relations and one of the most influential books ever written about foreign affairs. An insightful and powerful analysis of the forces driving global politics, it is as indispensable to our understanding of American foreign policy today as the day it was published. As former National Security Adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski says in his new foreword to the book, it “has earned a place on the shelf of only about a dozen or so truly enduring works that provide the quintessential insights necessary for a broad understanding of world affairs in our time.” Samuel Huntington explains how clashes between civilizations are the greatest threat to world peace but also how an international order based on civilizations is the best safeguard against war. Events since the publication of the book have proved the wisdom of that analysis. The 9/11 attacks and wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have demonstrated the threat of civilizations but have also shown how vital international cross-civilization cooperation is to restoring peace. As ideological distinctions among nations have been replaced by cultural differences, world politics has been reconfigured. Across the globe, new conflicts—and new cooperation—have replaced the old order of the Cold War era. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order explains how the population explosion in Muslim countries and the economic rise of East Asia are changing global politics. These developments challenge Western dominance, promote opposition to supposedly “universal” Western ideals, and intensify intercivilization conflict over such issues as nuclear proliferation, immigration, human rights, and democracy. The Muslim population surge has led to many small wars throughout Eurasia, and the rise of China could lead to a global war of civilizations. Huntington offers a strategy for the West to preserve its unique culture and emphasizes the need for people everywhere to learn to coexist in a complex, multipolar, muliticivilizational world.




Casino Capitalism


Book Description

The Arab Spring continues to spread throughout the Middle East, and it will end up transforming Islamic countries just as much as the two World Wars changed Europe. The Great Recession that began in 2008, along with defects in the global economic system, played a large role in the unrest. During the 2000s, the economic prosperity of the United States and much of the world was based on borrowed moneyand, as it turns out, borrowed time. Hedge funds and economic policies of the United States complicated matters further. In this scholarly book, author Dr. Susmit Kumar examines how financial blunders have led to political upheavals in Islamic countries, as well as exploring the history of Islam and Islamic empires; the modernization of Islam; the state of the world economy, and where its headed; and the present situation in Islamic countries. The immediate future promises bloodshed and grandstanding, but in the end, the majority of Islamic countries will become secular and democratic. As with the two World Wars, a cataclysmic turn of events will ultimately unify the world as Islamic countries deal with the fallout from Casino Capitalism.




Islam and the Trajectory of Globalization


Book Description

The book examines the growing tension between social movements that embrace egalitarian and inclusivist views of national and global politics, most notably classical liberalism, and those that advance social hierarchy and national exclusivism, such as neoliberalism, neoconservatism, and national populism. In exploring issues relating to tensions and conflicts around globalization, the book identifies historical patterns of convergence and divergence rooted in the monotheistic traditions, beginning with the ancient Israelites that dominated the Near East during the Axial age, through Islamic civilization, and finally by considering the idealism-realism tensions in modern times. One thing remained constant throughout the various historical stages that preceded our current moment of global convergence: a recurring tension between transcendental idealism and various forms of realism. Transcendental idealism, which prioritize egalitarian and universal values, pushed periodically against the forces of realism that privilege established law and power structure. Equipped with the idealism-realism framework, the book examines the consequences of European realism that justified the imperialistic venture into Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America in the name of liberation and liberalization. The ill-conceived strategy has, ironically, engendered the very dysfunctional societies that produce the waves of immigrants in constant motion from the South to the North, simultaneously as it fostered the social hierarchy that transfer external tensions into identity politics within the countries of the North. The book focuses particularly on the role played historically by Islamic rationalism in translating the monotheistic egalitarian outlook into the institutions of religious pluralism, legislative and legal autonomy, and scientific enterprise at the foundation of modern society. It concludes by shedding light on the significance of the Muslim presence in Western cultures as humanity draws slowly but consistently towards what we may come to recognize as the Global Age. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003203360, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.




Islamic Globalization


Book Description

Islamic Globalization examines the Muslim world''s growing importance in creating a more inclusive international system that is increasingly multipolar and multicultural. The author describes an emerging pattern of Islamic globalization as a series of transformations in four interrelated areas OCo pilgrimage and religious travel, capitalism and Islamic finance, democracy and Islamic modernism, and diplomacy and great power politics. The book integrates the disciplines of religion, politics, economics, law, and international relations highlighting developments in the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa. It provides new insights into the rapidly growing ties between China and the Islamic world, exploring their likely impact on the balance of power in Eurasia and beyond.




On the Political


Book Description

Chantal Mouffe presents a timely and stimulating account of the current state of democracy, exploring contemporary examples such as the Iraq war, racism and the rise of the far right.




Karma, Mind, and Quest for Happiness


Book Description

In Karma, Mind, and Quest for Happiness, Dr. Susmit Kumar seeks to explain certain facts of Tantric philosophy, such as the constituent parts of the mind, the effect of mantra on the mind, and how karma may be scientifically defined and explained. Until recently, people considered units of time and distance in terms of 100-200 years and 100-200 miles; astronomers now measure time and distance in billions of years and trillions of miles. Even so, science can study the scientific laws of only 4 percent of the materials in the universe, as it cannot "see" the remaining 96 percent, referred to as "dark matter" and "dark energy." Great individuals-such as Christ, Buddha, Moses, Prophet Muhammad, and Krishna-knew something about the workings of the Universe that is not common knowledge; this is why we claim their actions to be miracles or religious dogma. Furthermore, during the last 10,000 years, many saints in Asia have explored the human mind and its relationship with the Infinite. Most of them did it after first having established the limitations of physical pleasure and intellectual knowledge. When they started to explore the functioning of their minds and how everything around them was created, they developed a theory called Tantra. In Karma, Mind, and Quest for Happiness, Dr. Kumar will explore how Tantra is free from the distorting influences of time and place.




The Return of History and the End of Dreams


Book Description

Hopes for a new peaceful international order after the end of the Cold War have been dashed by sobering realities: Great powers are once again competing for honor and influence. The world remains “unipolar,” but international competition among the United States, Russia, China, Europe, Japan, India, and Iran raise new threats of regional conflict, and a new contest between western liberalism and the great eastern autocracies of Russia and China has reinjected ideology into geopolitics.For the past few years, the liberal world has been internally divided and distracted by issues both profound and petty. Now, in The Return of History and the End of Dreams, Robert Kagan masterfully poses the most important questions facing the liberal democratic countries, challenging them to choose whether they want to shape history or let others shape it for them.




American Journal of Islam and Society (AJIS) - Volume 37 Issues 3-4


Book Description

In an editorial essay, Ovamir Anjum reflects on the current moment of (and literature on) de-globalization, considering in turn conservative and liberal arguments. He concludes by raising several questions which de-globalization opens, key among them the challenges posed by ongoing ecological degradation. In the first research article, Timothy Gutmann offers the term “propaedeutic” to refer to the critical pedagogy necessary for teaching unfamiliar material to audiences whose sensibilities and expectations are already structured by distinctive anxieties and concerns. Gutmann addresses common caricatures of Islamic law and suggests that Islamic traditions may themselves contain a propaedeutic potential for teaching Islamic studies in the North American context. In the second research article, Brannon Wheeler traces a possible Islamic “Responsibility To Protect.” By focusing on Islamist exegesis of Q 3:110 and on classical and contemporary understandings of migration, Wheeler ultimately notes the political and intellectual compromises involved in accepting certain instances of violence and rejecting others. In the third research article, Abbas Ahsan makes an analytic-philosophical case for radical epistemic relativism. Our inability to conceive of the logically impossible, he concludes, is itself a testimony that God transcends the laws of logic. Next, a review essay is followed by ten book reviews; in this issue’s Forum article, Scott Lucas introduces readers to the sophisticated work of four Muslim thinkers of the 5th/11th century: Miskawayh, al-Hakim al-Jishumi, Ibn Hazm, and al-Khatib al-Baghdadi. Lucas encourages Muslims to emulate these figures’ practices of reading widely, with intellectual generosity and commitment, and to insist on the relationship between knowledge and practice.




Eurasianism


Book Description

Eurasianism: An Ideology for the Multipolar World investigates the ideology of Eurasianism, a political doctrine that founds its principles on geopolitics and conservatism. Specifically, the book examines neo-Eurasianist thought and its implications for the international system. After collocating Eurasianism in the spectrum of conservative theories, the research analyzes its historical evolution from the early 20th century to its contemporary manifestations. Pizzolo describes the liaison between Eurasianism and geopolitics, describing the nature of geopolitics and the main theories that highlight the relevance of the Eurasian landmass, including Mackinder’s “Heartland theory”, Spykman’s “Rimland theory”, and Haushofer’s “Kontinentalblock” project. The book also focuses on the central elements of the neo-Eurasianist ideology, including the key features of the so-called “Fourth Political Theory”, arguing that Eurasianism could represent a theoretical contribution for the advent of the multipolar world.