The Optical Properties of Materials:


Book Description

Computational approaches for predicting the optical properties of materials are at a stage of rapid development. Because a quantitative description of the optical properties of materials depends on both ground-state and excited-state properties, progress has been slower here than in other areas. However, advances in computational resources and algorithmic developments have dramatically altered this situation. This book brings together researchers from many different disciplines to meet and share ideas. A major focus is on techniques to predict and understand the optical and dielectric properties of materials. Experimental developments, as well as future research areas, are also incorporated. Topics include: bulk materials - ab initio theory; surfaces and polymers; clusters and nanocrystals; confined quantum systems/ quantum dots; nonlinear optical effects; semiconductor lasers, heterostructures and alloys; light-emitting materials; materials and materials characterization techniques; and optical engineering and lightwave propagation.




Atoms, Molecules and Clusters in Electric Fields


Book Description

With the central importance of electric polarizability and hyperpolarizability for a wide spectrum of activities, this book charts the trends in the accurate theoretical determination of these properties in specialized fields. The contributions include reviews and original papers that extend from methodology to applications in specific areas of primary importance such as cluster science and organic synthesis of molecules with specific properties.







Solid Freeform and Additive Fabrication - 2000: Volume 625


Book Description

The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.







Colour and the Optical Properties of Materials


Book Description

The updated third edition of the only textbook on colour The revised third edition of Colour and the Optical Properties of Materials focuses on the ways that colour is produced, both in the natural world and in a wide range of applications. The expert author offers an introduction to the science underlying colour and optics and explores many of the most recent applications. The text is divided into three main sections: behaviour of light in homogeneous media, which can largely be explained by classical wave optics; the way in which light interacts with atoms or molecules, which must be explained mainly in terms of photons; and the interaction of light with insulators, semiconductors and metals, in which the band structure notions are of primary concern. The updated third edition retains the proven concepts outlined in the previous editions and contains information on the significant developments in the field with many figures redrawn and new material added. The text contains new or extended sections on photonic crystals, holograms, flat lenses, super-resolution optical microscopy and modern display technologies. This important book: Offers and introduction to the science that underlies the everyday concept of colour Reviews the cross disciplinary subjects of physics, chemistry, biology and materials science, to link light, colour and perception Includes information on many modern applications, such as the numerous different colour displays now available, optical amplifiers lasers, super-resolution optical microscopy and lighting including LEDs and OLEDs Contains new sections on photonic crystals, holograms, flat lenses, super-resolution optical microscopy and display technologies Presents many worked examples, with problems and exercises at the end of each chapter Written for students in materials science, physics, chemistry and the biological sciences, the third edition of Colour and The Optical Properties of Materials covers the basic science of the topic and has been thoroughly updated to include recent advances in the field.




Electrical Properties of Materials


Book Description

The electrical properties of materials are fundamental to many devices encountered in daily life and in today's industry, ranging from the semiconductors used in microelectronics to the dielectric materials in liquid crystal displays, the magnetic materials in the motors of electric cars and the superconducting materials in MRI scanners. All stem from the response of electrons to electric and magnetic fields. This book explains the phenomena, reviews the best materials, and presents the most relevant applications. The behaviour of electrons in atoms, liquids, solids, and periodic crystals is described, and the possibilities of new artificial materials are discussed. In themselves, electrons are intriguing, sometimes displaying particle-type and other times wave-type behaviour. Full understanding of wave properties requires quantum mechanics, often seen as a barrier due to the unfamiliarity of the concepts involved and the complexity of the mathematical apparatus needed. A key aim is to overcome these difficulties. Underpinning theory is explained as simply as possible. Classical and quantum mechanics are used as appropriate, in each case giving a full development and often presenting complementary viewpoints. Examples are presented in a comprehensive set of problems. This flexible approach allows full understanding both of fundamentals (for example, the properties of atoms in different columns of the periodic table) and of applications (the design of a new laser based on an artificially engineered band structure). The contents have been successfully refined over more than 50 years and are especially suitable for undergraduates and postgraduates in Materials and Electrical Engineering.




The Granular State: Volume 627


Book Description

These 38 papers from the April 2000 symposium study granular structure, granular flows, nonlinear waves in granular media, vibrated and rotated granular media, and stress distributions. Topics include jamming in liquids and granular materials, nuclear magnetic resonance studies of granular flows, the blueprint of a concept for a nozzle- free inkjet printer, mixing and segregation processes in a Turbula blender, persistence of granular structure during die compaction of ceramic powders, and humidity-induced cohesion effects in granular media. c. Book News Inc.




Handbook of Surfaces and Interfaces of Materials, Five-Volume Set


Book Description

This handbook brings together, under a single cover, all aspects of the chemistry, physics, and engineering of surfaces and interfaces of materials currently studied in academic and industrial research. It covers different experimental and theoretical aspects of surfaces and interfaces, their physical properties, and spectroscopic techniques that have been applied to a wide class of inorganic, organic, polymer, and biological materials. The diversified technological areas of surface science reflect the explosion of scientific information on surfaces and interfaces of materials and their spectroscopic characterization. The large volume of experimental data on chemistry, physics, and engineering aspects of materials surfaces and interfaces remains scattered in so many different periodicals, therefore this handbook compilation is needed.The information presented in this multivolume reference draws on two decades of pioneering research on the surfaces and interfaces of materials to offer a complete perspective on the topic. These five volumes-Surface and Interface Phenomena; Surface Characterization and Properties; Nanostructures, Micelles, and Colloids; Thin Films and Layers; Biointerfaces and Applications-provide multidisciplinary review chapters and summarize the current status of the field covering important scientific and technological developments made over past decades in surfaces and interfaces of materials and spectroscopic techniques with contributions from internationally recognized experts from all over the world. Fully cross-referenced, this book has clear, precise, and wide appeal as an essential reference source long due for the scientific community. The complete reference on the topic of surfaces and interfaces of materialsThe information presented in this multivolume reference draws on two decades of pioneering researchProvides multidisciplinary review chapters and summarizes the current status of the fieldCovers important scientific and technological developments made over past decades in surfaces and interfaces of materials and spectroscopic techniquesContributions from internationally recognized experts from all over the world




Molecular Electronics: Volume 582


Book Description

The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.