The Political Economy of Military Base Redevelopment


Book Description

The Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) process, initiated in 1988 to regulate U.S. military base closures and realignments, has been through five rounds and resulted in the closure of 121 major bases. Once the government decides to close a base, the property is commonly transferred to local communities for reuse. The design of the BRAC process tied the hands of Congress and limited political influences over bases chosen for closure. Although BRAC constrains conventional political motivations at the closure stage, researchers have overlooked the political economy of base redevelopment after closure has occurred. This paper fills this gap by examining the post-closure process with emphasis on the epistemic limitations facing political actors in designing the redevelopment process to achieve economic prosperity and the incentives this creates for rent-seeking behavior.










The Pentagon Vs. Congress


Book Description

This dissertation examines and analyzes economic and political forces that influenced military base closures under the Defense Base Closure and Realignment (BRAC) process of the late 1980's and early 1990's. The research utilizes a qualitative approach to outline the public good nature of defense and describes the rapid shifts in power and authority that were necessary for the formation of four "independent" BRAC commissions. Win-set analysis demonstrates that outside forces played a large role in allowing self-interested politicians to relinquish control over pork-laden defense expenditures. A quantitative approach, based on logistic regression, is used to analyze the significance and magnitude of economic and political variables that influenced the Pentagon and the BRAC Commissioners. Empirical findings indicate that politics was not removed from the process and that political variables were important in determining the probability a particular military facility remained open.




Economic Development Assistance for Communities Affected by Employment Changes Due to Military Base Closures (BRAC)


Book Description

Discusses the geographic impact of base closures and realignments; and summarizes federal economic assistance programs for communities and individuals affected by military base closures and realignments (BRAC). The 2005 BRAC round includes the closure or realignment of 837 facilities and involves an additional 160 facilities that will gain missions or resources, for a total of 997 changes nationwide. Unlike previous rounds, the 2005 BRAC round is focused on creating the infrastructure needed to support a transformed, expeditionary armed force ¿ concentrated more on shifting forces and installation assets to promote the centralization of units in places from which they can be deployed rapidly. Charts and tables.




Base Redevelopment Planning for Brac Sites - Military Base Closure Surplus Property Determination, Outreach to State and Local Government, Non-Profits, and Homeless Assistance Providers


Book Description

A military base closure, while initially a source of significant local economic impacts, also represents the single most important opportunity for a community to make a dramatic, positive change in the local economy, especially in response to the loss of jobs. For some communities, former military property is ideally situated with strong prospects for redevelopment due to a location near, or in the midst of, rapidly growing, prosperous communities. For other communities, the presence of a less robust local economy, an isolated location, or limited redevelopment opportunities and resources makes the planning effort more challenging. The redevelopment plan is the catalyst for a successful local response to base realignment or closure impacts. While no two communities are alike, and the redevelopment planning process is never routine, successful communities typically provide for a broad-based public planning effort to build consensus for redevelopment, and take actions to ensure the uses recommended in the redevelopment plan are formally incorporated into the local government's ongoing planning and economic development initiatives.Section 1 Overview of Base Redevelopment Planning * Section 2 Base Redevelopment Planning Process * Section 3 Surplus Property Determination * Section 4 Preparation of Base Redevelopment Plan * Section 5 Outreach to State and Local Government, Non-profits, and Homeless Assistance Providers * Section 6 Refinement of Base Redevelopment Plan * Section 7 Beyond Base Redevelopment PlanningOEA has been "helping communities help themselves" for more than 45 years. From this experience an orderly economic adjustment transition process has evolved, along with the realization that meeting this challenge requires energy, vision, and community leadership through an effective local organization. For communities experiencing the possible availability of property as a result of a base closure or realignment, the Local Redevelopment Authority (LRA) serves as the local organization focusing on all economic adjustment activities, including preparation of a base redevelopment plan. How well an affected community organizes itself to solicit broad-based, inclusive public participation in preparing the base redevelopment plan is a major factor in the success of the community's economic transition.




Salvaging Community


Book Description

American communities face serious challenges when military bases close. But affected municipalities and metro regions are not doomed. Taking a long-term, flexible, and incremental approach, Michael Touchton and Amanda J. Ashley make strong recommendations for collaborative models of governance that can improve defense conversion dramatically and ensure benefits, even for low-resource municipalities. Communities can't control their economic situation or geographic location, but, as Salvaging Community shows, communities can control how they govern conversion processes geared toward redevelopment and reinvention. In Salvaging Community, Touchton and Ashley undertake a comprehensive evaluation of how such communities redevelop former bases following the Department of Defense's Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) process. To do so, they developed the first national database on military redevelopment and combine quantitative national analyses with three, in-depth case studies in California. Salvaging Community thus fills the void in knowledge surrounding redevelopment of bases and the disparate outcomes that affect communities after BRAC. The data presented in Salvaging Community points toward effective strategies for collaborative governance that address the present-day needs of municipal officials, economic development agencies, and non-profit organizations working in post-BRAC communities. Defense conversion is not just about jobs or economic rebound, Touchton and Ashley argue. Emphasizing inclusion and sustainability in redevelopment promotes rejuvenated communities and creates places where people want to live. As localities and regions deal with the legacy of the post-Cold War base closings and anticipate new closures in the future, Salvaging Community presents a timely and constructive approach to both economic and community development at the close of the military-industrial era.




Complete Guide to Military Base Closures and Brac


Book Description

Reports included in this complete guide to military base closures and BRAC:1. Community Guide to Base Reuse - One: Roles in Base Reuse - Assuming Responsibility * Two: Reuse Overview - Understanding the Process * Three: Local Redevelopment Authorities - Organizing for Success * Four: The Base Redevelopment Plan - Charting a Course for Economic Recovery * Five: Implementation - Working for a Sustainable Reuse2. Changes at Military Bases - A Community Planning Challenge3. Marketing Strategies for Base Reuse4. Guidebook on Military Base Reuse and Homeless Assistance - Section 1: Introduction, Section 2: Overview of the Base Redevelopment Process, Section 3: The Consolidated Plan and the Continuum of Care, Section 4: The Redevelopment Plan and the Homeless Assistance Submission, Section 5: HUD's Review, Section 6: Model Base Reuse Plans5. Converting Military Airfields to Civil Airports - The Military Airfield Conversion Opportunity, Guidelines to Airfield Conversion, Acquiring a Former Military Airfield, Seeking Federal Funding Availability6. Base Redevelopment Planning for BRAC Sites - Section 1 - Overview of Base Redevelopment Planning, Section 2 - Base Redevelopment Planning Process, Section 3 - Surplus Property Determination, Section 4 - Preparation of Base Redevelopment Plan, Section 5 - Outreach to State and Local Government, Non-profits, and Homeless Assistance Providers, Section 6 - Refinement of Base Redevelopment Plan, Section 7 - Beyond Base Redevelopment PlanningThe Department of Defense (DoD) has been closing military bases and assisting Defense-impacted communities through its Defense Economic Adjustment Program for more than 35 years. Over this period of time, experience has shown that the primary responses to a closure must be community-based. This describes the roles of community leaders, State leaders, Federal officials, and other resources. The role of community leaders-where economic adjustment efforts begin and end-is described in terms of the three components of economic adjustment: the community, local businesses, and workers. The roles of State and Federal officials are briefly summarized. A detailed listing of the various resources available to your community can be found in the Appendix. The economic and social fabric of a community is tested when a closure action is announced. What does this decision mean? How will jobs be impacted? Is there any way to avoid the closure? The closure and reuse process is disruptive, but the experience of most communities is that the net result is economically beneficial in the long run.The base reuse process consists of a series of activities involving both the Local Redevelopment Authority (LRA) and the Military Department. These activities are required by both laws and regulations. An LRA must be aware of this general process to effectively respond to the closure and to move the community toward economic recovery. The overall reuse and disposal process ("reuse process") consists of three phases: base-wide reuse planning; disposal and reuse decision making; and decision implementation. This Section provides a brief overview of the reuse process, including information on transitional impacts to the community as the base is converted from military to civilian use.




Military Expenditure


Book Description

The purpose of this book is to analyse world military expenditure at the end of the 1980s, and to discuss its political and economic implications. After a decade of unprecedented expansion of international military spending, its level is falling, though modestly. Political developments in Europe and the success of arms control negotiations raise hopes for further reductions. In addition, technological and economic structural disarmament is adding to the pressure for reductions. However, performance has not matched up to promises, and formidable obstacles to defence spending limitations still remain. Military Expenditure surveys recent events and describes the process of change that characterizes international military expenditure, and its determinants, at this time of transformation.




Base Redevelopment Planning for BRAC Sites


Book Description

The Office of Economic Adjustment (OEA) is pleased to present Base Redevelopment Planning for BRAC Sites to assist communities and states with planning the civilian use of former military property. Reflecting over 45 years of OEA experience with community planning and base redevelopment, this publication highlights the keys to a successful planning effort, including the necessary public- and private-sector leadership, vision, dedication, and partnership between the Military Departments and the affected communities. A military base closure, while initially a source of significant local economic impacts, also represents the single most important opportunity for a community to make a dramatic, positive change in the local economy, especially in response to the loss of jobs. For some communities, former military property is ideally situated with strong prospects for redevelopment due to a location near, or in the midst of, rapidly growing, prosperous communities. For other communities, the presence of a less robust local economy, an isolated location, or limited redevelopment opportunities and resources makes the planning effort more challenging. The redevelopment plan is the catalyst for a successful local response to base realignment or closure impacts. While no two communities are alike, and the redevelopment planning process is never routine, successful communities typically provide for a broad-based public planning effort to build consensus for redevelopment, and take actions to ensure the uses recommended in the redevelopment plan are formally incorporated into the local government's ongoing planning and economic development initiatives.