The Preservation of Art and Culture in Times of War


Book Description

Conflict over cultural heritage has increasingly become a standard part of war. Today, systematic exploitation, manipulation, attacks, and destruction of cultural heritage by state and non-state actors form part of most violent conflicts across the world. Such acts are often intentional and based on well-planned strategies for inflicting harm on groups of people and communities. With this increasing awareness of the role cultural heritage plays in war, scholars and practitioners have progressed from seeing conflict-related destruction of cultural heritage as a cultural tragedy to understanding it as a vital national security issue. There is also a shift from the desire to protect cultural property for its own sake to viewing its protection as connected to broader agendas of peace and security. Concerns about cultural heritage have thus migrated beyond the cultural sphere to worries about the protection of civilians, the financing of terrorism, societal resilience, post-conflict reconciliation, hybrid warfare, and the geopolitics of territorial conflicts. This volume seeks to deepen public understanding of the evolving nexus between cultural heritage and security in the twenty-first century. Drawing on a variety of disciplines and perspectives, the chapters in this volume examine a complex set of relationships between the deliberate destruction and misuse of cultural heritage in times of conflict, on the one hand, and basic societal values, legal principles, and national security, on the other.




War & Art


Book Description

War and Art: The Preservation of Italian Treasures is the result of a joint effort by the Embassy of Italy in Washington, D.C., the Museo Centrale del Risorgimento in Rome, the National World War I Museum in Kansas City, and the Woodrow Wilson House in Washington, D.C.. All joined forces to ensure that the 100th anniversary of the start of the Great War is not forgotten. On July 27, 2014 the Embassy of Italy remembered the last day of peace before the tragedy of WWI with a touching ceremony. At Arlington National Cemetery, a trumpeter played the moving notes of our “The Silence” – our equivalent of “Taps” in the US, and traditionally performed when bidding farewell to the fallen – while musicians in other cities throughout the world simultaneously did the same. To fully understand such a world-changing event as the Great War is to ensure and preserve peace and democracy today. In addition, its comprehension enables us to reconcile our legitimate pride in our national identities with the deep awareness of being citizens of the world. This photographic exhibition, based on images from the Museo del Risorgimento’s archive, highlights the ravages that war can wreak not only on human beings, but also on what should be the inviolate beauty of art. This exhibit represents a unique opportunity to recapture and gain more insight into a significant part of our history. The specific focus on preserving cultural heritage provides a first-hand cultural and historical perspective of the conflict, as well as of the broader Italian framework. It was also thanks to the vital support of the US that Italy was able to preserve most of its artistic treasures – and thus of its identity – from ruthless annihilation. This was in some ways the precursor of a tradition that was later embodied by the notable Monuments Men during the Second World War.




Ravaged


Book Description

The year 2014 marks the one hundredth anniversary of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, and the beginning of the conflict that would become known as World War I. In addition to the devastating loss of human life, the Great War was also responsible for the destruction of historic buildings and monuments, the theft of precious artworks, and the burning of untold numbers of books. Ravaged uses this anniversary as a poignant gateway to a greater discussion of the effect of war on artistic heritage. Beginning with the Trojan War and weaving a compelling cross-cultural narrative that ends in the 21st-century Middle East, this affecting publication explores how cultural treasures often became silent victims of armed conflict. Illustrations highlight over two hundred artworks and relics, which are often featured alongside complementary written reflections from contemporary artists. This thoughtful book is a graceful homage to centuries of lost artistic treasures.




Protection of Art During War. Reports Concerning the Condition of the Monuments of Art at the Different Theatres of War and the German and Austrian Measures Taken for Their Preservation, Rescue and Research, in Collaboration With Gerhard Bersu, Heinz Brau


Book Description

During World War I, Paul Clemen studied the effects of war on art and architecture, particularly in Germany. This book features his reports on the condition of monuments of art at various theatres of war, as well as the German and Austrian measures taken for their preservation, rescue, and research. Art lovers, historians, and anyone interested in the impact of war on culture will find this book a fascinating and valuable resource. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.




Defending National Treasures


Book Description

Defending National Treasures explores the fate of art and cultural heritage during the Nazi occupation of France. The French cultural patrimony was a crucial locus of power struggles between German and French leaders and among influential figures in each country. Karlsgodt examines the preservation policy that the Vichy regime enacted in an assertion of sovereignty over French art museums, historic monuments, and archeological sites. The limits to this sovereignty are apparent from German appropriations of public statues, Jewish-owned art collections, and key "Germanic" works of art from French museums. A final chapter traces the lasting impact of the French wartime reforms on preservation policy. In Defending National Treasures, Karlsgodt introduces the concept of patrimania to reveal examples of opportunism in art preservation. During the war, French officials sought to acquire coveted artwork from Jewish collections for the Louvre and other museums; in the early postwar years, they established a complicated guardianship over unclaimed art recovered from Germany. A cautionary tale for our own times, Defending National Treasures examines the ethical dimensions of museum acquisitions in the ongoing noble quest to preserve great works of art.




Preservation Management for Libraries, Archives and Museums


Book Description

Memory institutions such as libraries, archives, galleries and museums all share pressing concerns about preserving heritage, whether in the form of material and documentary cultural artefacts in collections, or in the form of new digitally born material. Recent incidents of natural disaster and cultural genocide, together with the global turn to digitization, have forced librarians, archivists and curators to rethink and restructure their primary modes of operation. Preservation management now sits at the top of the agenda for heritage institutions around the world, as collection development policies and practices are negotiated between libraries, museums, archives, funding agencies and governments. Historically separate cultural institutions are now converging to share limited resources, develop compatible ideologies and co-ordinate distributed collections. This forward-looking collection charts the diversity of preservation management in the contemporary information landscape, and offers guidance on preservation methods for the sustainability of collections from a range of international experts. The authors are connected to a wide international network of professional associations and NGOs, and have been selected not only for their specific expertise, but for the contribution they are making to the future of preservation management. The chapters cover: managing the documentary heritage: issues for the present and future preservation policy and planning intangible heritage: museums and preservation surrogacy and the artefact moving with the times in search of permanence a valuation model for paper conservation research preservation of audiovisual media: traditional to interactive formats challenges of managing the digitally born artefact preserving cultural heritage in times of conflict access and the social contract in memory institutions redefining 'the collection' in the 21st century. Readership: There is urgent need for heritage management initiatives and robust disaster planning that will safeguard our cultural heritage and recognize the right of the end-user to ownership of it. This is an informed and essential guide to managing collection and preservation strategies for anyone working in the library, archive, museum or broader cultural heritage sectors.




Protection of Art During War, Vol. 1


Book Description

Excerpt from Protection of Art During War, Vol. 1: Reports Concerning the Condition of the Monuments of Art at the Different Theatres of War and the German and Austrian Measures Taken for Their Preservation, Rescue and Research; The Western Front The war was waged and ended in hostile country; therefore the battle-fields on which both parties have fought are in the West. The scenes of destruction, in which both sides have an equal share, lie in enemy country and it is the opponent who has been heavily smitten by this loss, who especially mourns. Had destiny decided otherwise the. Battle-fields would be on German soil, the zone of war devastations would pass through German land, and Germany in the same way would be suffering and mourning, as has been the case in East Prussia. And are there not in Galicia and in the Bukowina, wide stretches of the austro-hungarian monarchy, devastated by the Russians; has not Gorz been shot into ruins and the Isonzo territory changed into a desert by the Italians; have not even in neutral territory, such as Persia and Macedonia, venerable monuments of art and culture been destroyed or plundered by the Russians and French respectively? Certainly in these cases where only Germany and its allies or neutrals were the sufferers, the universal conscience was not further disturbed! The great historical mistake in all these charges is that the military leadership or one of the war-parties is accused, whereas really only war itself should be accused. This war has been so terrible in the means employed and their consequences, through the reckless introduction of destructive air attacks, through the thousandfold increase and heightening of the artillery fire, through the pre viously unheard-oi concentration of enormous masses of troops within a seemingly impossible narrow compass (who by their sheer attempt to expand seemed to crush everything around them), that just as the human losses have increased prodigiously in comparison with former wars, so also the devasta tion of land had to be much more terrible. The awful bloodshed in the autumn of last year must have brought home to the conscience of all nations that at the present day war means a laying waste of the whole war-territory; even as Lloyd George, gravely declared, this fact must be clear to us that such a war must never be allowed to recur. And Prince Max of Baden spoke _in tones of intense emo tion of the great purification, which this realisation brought to us. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.




The Ethics of Cultural Heritage


Book Description

It is widely acknowledged that all archaeological research is embedded within cultural, political and economic contexts, and that all archaeological research falls under the heading ‘heritage’. Most archaeologists now work in museums and other cultural institutions, government agencies, non-government organisations and private sector companies, and this diversity ensures that debates continue to proliferate about what constitutes appropriate professional ethics within these related and relevant contexts. Discussions about the ethics of cultural heritage in the 20th century focused on standards of professionalism, stewardship, responsibilities to stakeholders and on establishing public trust in the authenticity of the outcomes of the heritage process. This volume builds on recent approaches that move away from treating ethics as responsibilities to external domains and to the discipline, and which seek to ensure ethics are integral to all heritage theory, practice and methods. The chapters in this collection chart a departure from the tradition of external heritage ethics towards a broader approach underpinned by the turn to human rights, issues of social justice and the political economy of heritage, conceptualising ethical responsibilities not as pertaining to the past, but to a future-focused domain of social action.




The Roerich Pact and the Banner of Peace


Book Description

This is a new release of the original 1934 edition.




The Importance of Art in War-Time. Being a Few Notes for an Address Given at the Watford Labour Church, March 11th, 1917


Book Description

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.