Striking First


Book Description

Does the United States have the right to defend itself by striking first, or must it wait until an attack is in progress? Is the Bush Doctrine of aggressive preventive action a justified and legal recourse against threats posed by terrorists and rogue states? Tackling one of the most controversial policy issues of the post-September 11 world, Michael Doyle argues that neither the Bush Doctrine nor customary international law is capable of adequately responding to the pressing security threats of our times. In Striking First, Doyle shows how the Bush Doctrine has consistently disregarded a vital distinction in international law between acts of preemption in the face of imminent threats and those of prevention in the face of the growing offensive capability of an enemy. Taking a close look at the Iraq war, the 1998 attack against al Qaeda in Afghanistan, and the Cuban Missile Crisis, among other conflicts, he contends that international law must rely more completely on United Nations Charter procedures and develop clearer standards for dealing with lethal but not immediate threats. After explaining how the UN can again play an important role in enforcing international law and strengthening international guidelines for responding to threats, he describes the rare circumstances when unilateral action is indeed necessary. Based on the 2006 Tanner Lectures at Princeton University, Striking First includes responses by distinguished political theorists Richard Tuck and Jeffrey McMahan and international law scholar Harold Koh, yielding a lively debate that will redefine how--and for what reasons--tomorrow's wars are fought.




Armed Conflicts and the Law


Book Description

"Armed Conflicts and the Law is a book of impressive scope and depth. Ranging deftly across the spectrum of armed conflict and the law that governs it, this impressive work draws together new voices and world-renowned experts from the academy, military and the ICRC to examine the normative nuances of contemporary conflict. At the same time both scholarly and practical, Armed Conflicts and the Law will prove an invaluable resource for anyone dealing with the complex, synergistic, and evolving relationship between law and armed conflict." --Prof. Michael N. Schmitt, Director, Stockton Center for the Study of International Law, U.S. Naval War College *** Now available in paperback This book offers a comprehensive yet concise take on the legal regulation of the various phases in the complex cycle of armed conflicts, from prevention to reconstruction, and covering everything in between, in particular, the vast body of rules laid down in current international humanitarian law. It combines a general theoretical approach with modern practice in order to offer a complete picture of the law before, during, and after warfare. Through a series of thematic chapters that logically follow from one to another, the book tackles core issues relating to the international regulation of armed conflicts, while situating them in a broader societal context. Particular attention is given to the emergence of the European Union as an increasingly important regional and global player in international peace and security. In combination with the broad scope and accessible nature of volume, the experience and ambition on display makes it a unique reference tool for students, scholars, practitioners, civil servants, diplomats, and humanitarian/human rights workers around the globe. It is complemented by, and a helpful companion to, Jan Wouters's and Philip De Man's Humanitarian and Security Law: A Compendium of International and European Instruments ISBN 978 1 78068 051 4 (2012)]. (Series: International Law - Vol. 17) Subject: International Law, EU Law, Humanitarian Law]




Preventive Law


Book Description







Preventing Violent Conflicts


Book Description

Lund, an international relations consultant, defines early warning and preventive diplomacy, looking at which methods work and why, who uses them, and recent preventive efforts, and suggests how multilateral and national entities including the US government can overcome operational challenges to effective preventive action. He outlines a more systematic, global preventive regime that draws on the strengths of individual states, the UN, regional organizations, and NGOs. For students and scholars of international relations. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR




Law Applicable to Armed Conflict


Book Description

Which law applies to armed conflict? This book investigates the applicability of international humanitarian law and international human rights law to armed conflict situations. The issue is examined by three scholars whose professional, theoretical, and methodological backgrounds and outlooks differ greatly. These multiple perspectives expose the political factors and intellectual styles that influence scholarly approaches and legal answers, and the unique trialogical format encourages its participants to decenter their perspectives. By focussing on the authors' divergence and disagreement, a richer understanding of the law applicable to armed conflict is achieved. The book, firstly, provides a detailed study of the law applicable to armed conflict situations. Secondly, it explores the regimes' interrelation and the legal techniques for their coordination and prevention of potential norm conflicts. Thirdly, the book moves beyond the positive analysis of the law and probes the normative principles that guide the interpretation, application and development of law.




International Law and the Classification of Conflicts


Book Description

This book comprises contributions by leading experts in the field of international humanitarian law on the subject of the categorisation or classification of armed conflict. It is divided into two sections: the first aims to provide the reader with a sound understanding of the legal questions surrounding the classification of hostilities and its consequences; the second includes ten case studies that examine practice in respect of classification. Understanding how classification operates in theory and practice is a precursor to identifying the relevant rules that govern parties to hostilities. With changing forms of armed conflict which may involve multi-national operations, transnational armed groups and organized criminal gangs, the need for clarity of the law is all-important. The case studies selected for analysis are Northern Ireland, DRC, Colombia, Afghanistan (from 2001), Gaza, South Ossetia, Iraq (from 2003), Lebanon (2006), the so-called war against Al-Qaeda, and future trends. The studies explore the legal consequences of classification particularly in respect of the use of force, detention in armed conflict, and the relationship between human rights law and international humanitarian law. The practice identified in the case studies allows the final chapter to draw conclusions as to the state of the law on classification.




Pathways for Peace


Book Description

Violent conflicts today are complex and increasingly protracted, involving more nonstate groups and regional and international actors. It is estimated that by 2030—the horizon set by the international community for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals—more than half of the world’s poor will be living in countries affected by high levels of violence. Information and communication technology, population movements, and climate change are also creating shared risks that must be managed at both national and international levels. Pathways for Peace is a joint United Nations†“World Bank Group study that originates from the conviction that the international community’s attention must urgently be refocused on prevention. A scaled-up system for preventive action would save between US$5 billion and US$70 billion per year, which could be reinvested in reducing poverty and improving the well-being of populations. The study aims to improve the way in which domestic development processes interact with security, diplomacy, mediation, and other efforts to prevent conflicts from becoming violent. It stresses the importance of grievances related to exclusion—from access to power, natural resources, security and justice, for example—that are at the root of many violent conflicts today. Based on a review of cases in which prevention has been successful, the study makes recommendations for countries facing emerging risks of violent conflict as well as for the international community. Development policies and programs must be a core part of preventive efforts; when risks are high or building up, inclusive solutions through dialogue, adapted macroeconomic policies, institutional reform, and redistributive policies are required. Inclusion is key, and preventive action needs to adopt a more people-centered approach that includes mainstreaming citizen engagement. Enhancing the participation of women and youth in decision making is fundamental to sustaining peace, as well as long-term policies to address the aspirations of women and young people.




Common-Sense Law


Book Description

Preventive law helps us to avoid common legal problems and disputes. Preventive law enables us to protect our legal entitlements and to minimise many of the unpleasant consequences of legal situations. Preventive law, when practised properly, helps people to save on legal costs, save time and reduce stress and trauma, all of which inevitably flow from legal conflict.This is a book that can save time and money, and ward off anxiety for people who plan to:* marry or live with someone* lend money* borrow money* repay a debt* employ a tradesman* make a major purchase* respond to a legal demand* avoid a breach of contract.And for people who:* work in an environment which is potentially dangerous to one's health or safety* are involved in a car accident* are involved in a physical fight* are involved in a neighbourhood dispute* are uninsured* become a single parent* separate or plan to divorce* break the law or have trouble with the police* want to prevent crime