The Problems of the Forensic Science - a Comparative Study
Author : Géza Katona
Publisher :
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 15,15 MB
Release : 1994
Category :
ISBN :
Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 29,16 MB
Release : 2009-07-29
Category : Law
ISBN : 0309142393
Book Description
Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.
Forensic Comparative Science
Author : John R. Vanderkolk
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 25,85 MB
Release : 2009-08-19
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0080920012
Book Description
While there is no such thing as a perfect match in the field of forensic comparative science, Forensic Comparative Science: Qualitative Quantitative Source Determination of Unique Impressions, Images, and Objects provides the experience, understanding, and judgment, necessary for concluding whether two unique images share common origin from a unique and persistent source.Knowing there will be ranges of different levels of details throughout images, the expert must be able to comprehend when a sufficient quality and quantity of details is reached to render a judgment. By utilizing a process of analyzing the first image, analyzing the second image, comparing them to each other, and evaluating the significance of the analyses and comparisons based on expertise, the comparative scientist will be able to recognize the belief and believe the recognition that occurs during comparative examinations.Forensic Comparative Science presents a philosophical and theoretical approach to explaining the cognitive process of comparative measurements and source determination. Science is about understanding and generalizing nature. This book is about generalizing comparative science. - Brings the comparative sciences under one philosophy of understanding in regards to terminology, examination method and standards for conclusions - Provides standards for conclusions including sufficiency vs. insufficiency for comparisons, individualization, agreement vs. disagreement, and levels of detail required - Not only helps gaining scientific and technical knowledge but also helps to understand and appreciate the importance of the comparative sciences to the criminal justice system - A 'must read' for any forensic science student with an interest in comparative sciences, all trainees in forensic laboratories, and active examiners throughout the world wanting a compilation of many disciplines under one generalized philosophy of examination
Forensic Science
Author : Douglas H. Ubelaker
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 429 pages
File Size : 17,25 MB
Release : 2012-11-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 1119941237
Book Description
Co-published with the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, Forensic Science presents comprehensive international discussion of key issues and future directions within the forensic sciences. Written by accomplished and respected specialists in approximately eleven distinct areas of the forensic sciences, the volume will examine central issues within each discipline, provide perspective on current debate and explore current and proposed research initiatives. It will also provide the forensically involved international community with current in-depth perspective on the key issues in the contemporary practice of the forensic sciences.
Inside the Cell
Author : Erin E Murphy
Publisher : Bold Type Books
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 27,20 MB
Release : 2015-10-06
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1568584709
Book Description
Josiah Sutton was convicted of rape. He was five inches shorter and 65 pounds lighter than the suspect described by the victim, but at trial a lab analyst testified that his DNA was found at the crime scene. His case looked like many others -- arrest, swab, match, conviction. But there was just one problem -- Sutton was innocent. We think of DNA forensics as an infallible science that catches the bad guys and exonerates the innocent. But when the science goes rogue, it can lead to a gross miscarriage of justice. Erin Murphy exposes the dark side of forensic DNA testing: crime labs that receive little oversight and produce inconsistent results; prosecutors who push to test smaller and poorer-quality samples, inviting error and bias; law-enforcement officers who compile massive, unregulated, and racially skewed DNA databases; and industry lobbyists who push policies of "stop and spit." DNA testing is rightly seen as a transformative technological breakthrough, but we should be wary of placing such a powerful weapon in the hands of the same broken criminal justice system that has produced mass incarceration, privileged government interests over personal privacy, and all too often enforced the law in a biased or unjust manner. Inside the Cell exposes the truth about forensic DNA, and shows us what it will take to harness the power of genetic identification in service of accuracy and fairness.
The Dialogue Between Forensic Scientists, Statisticians and Lawyers about Complex Scientific Issues for Court
Author : Sue Pope
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 45,93 MB
Release : 2020-10-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 2889660494
Book Description
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Forensic Gait Analysis
Author : Ivan Birch
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 235 pages
File Size : 33,23 MB
Release : 2020-07-07
Category : Law
ISBN : 0429761414
Book Description
Gait analysis is the systematic study of human walking, using the eye and brain of experienced observers, augmented by instrumentation for measuring body movements, body mechanics, and the activity of the muscles. Since Aristotle’s work on gait analysis more than 2000 years ago, it has become an established clinical science used extensively in the healthcare and rehabilitation fields for diagnosis and treatment. Forensic Gait Analysis details the more recent, and rapidly developing, use of gait analysis in the forensic sciences. The book considers the use of observational gait analysis, based on video recordings, to assist in the process of identification or exclusion. With the increase in use of CCTV and surveillance systems over the last 20 to 30 years, there has been a steady and rapid increase in the use of gait as evidence. Currently, gait analysis is widely used in the UK in criminal investigations, with increasing awareness of its potential use in the US, Europe, and globally. The book details the history of the science, current practices, and of the emergent application to establish best-practice standards that conform to those of other forensic science disciplines. Engagement with the Forensic Science Regulator, and the Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences in the UK, and the International Association for Identification has helped to ensure and enhance the quality assurance of forensic gait analysis. However, there remains a fundamental lack of standardized training and methodology for use in evidentiary and investigative casework. This book fills that void, serving as one of the first to describe the current state of practice, capabilities and limitations, and to outline methods, standards of practice and expectations of the gait analyst as a forensic practitioner. Forensic Gait Analysis reflects current research and forensic practice and will serve as a state-of-the-art guide to the use of gait analysis in the forensic context—for both education and training purposes. It will be a welcome addition to the libraries of professionals in the areas of podiatry, gait analysis, forensic video analysis, law enforcement, and legal practice.
Forensic Science in Court
Author : Donald Shelton
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 16,4 MB
Release : 2010-10-16
Category : Law
ISBN : 1442201894
Book Description
Forensic Science in Court explores the legal implications of forensic science—an increasingly important and complex part of the justice system. Judge Donald Shelton provides an accessible overview of the legal aissues, from the history of evidence in court, to "gatekeeper" judges determining what evidence can be allowed, to the "CSI effect" in juries. The book describes and evaluates various kinds of evidence, including DNA, fingerprints, handwriting, hair, bite marks, tool marks, firearms and bullets, fire and arson investigation, and bloodstain evidence. Assessing the strengths and limitations of each kind of evidence, the author also discusses how they can contribute to identifying the "who," "how," and "whether" questions that arise in criminal prosecutions. Author Donald Shelton draws on the depth of his experiences as courtroom prosecutor, professor, and judge, to provide a well-rounded look at these increasingly critical issues. Case studies throughout help bring the issues to life and show how forensic science has been used, both successfully and not, in real-world situations.
Forensic Science Reform
Author : Wendy J Koen
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 41,96 MB
Release : 2016-12-16
Category : Law
ISBN : 012802738X
Book Description
Forensic Science Reform: Protecting the Innocent is written for the nonscientist to help make complicated scientific information clear and concise enough for attorneys and judges to master. This volume covers physical forensic science, namely arson, shaken baby syndrome, non-accidental trauma, bite marks, DNA, ballistics, comparative bullet lead analysis, fingerprint analysis, and hair and fiber analysis, and contains valuable contributions from leading experts in the field of forensic science. - 2018 PROSE Awards - Winner, Award for Textbook/Social Services: Association of American Publishers - Offers training for prosecuting attorneys on the present state of the forensic sciences in order to avoid reliance on legal precedent that lags decades behind the science - Provides defense attorneys the knowledge to defend their clients against flawed science - Arms innocence projects and appellate attorneys with the latest information to challenge convictions that were obtained using faulty science - Uses science-specific case studies to simplify issues in forensic science for the legal professional - Offers a detailed overview of both the failures and progress made in the forensic sciences, making the volume ideal for law school courses covering wrongful convictions, or for undergraduate courses on law, legal ethics, or forensics
Textbook of Forensic Science
Author : Pankaj Shrivastava
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 839 pages
File Size : 16,18 MB
Release : 2023-10-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9819913772
Book Description
This textbook provides essential and fundamental information to modern forensics investigations. It discusses criminalistics and crime scene aspects, including investigation, management, collecting and packaging various types of physical evidence, forwarding, and chain of custody. It presents fundamental principles, ethics, challenges and criticism of forensic sciences and reviews the crime typologies, the correlates of crime, criminology, penology, and victimology. It provides a viewpoint on legal aspects, including types of evidence, the procedure in the court and scrutiny of the evidence and experts. The book summarizes forensic serological evidences such as blood, semen, saliva, milk-tears, sweat, vaginal fluids, urine, and sweat. It also provides an overview of forensic examination of different types of evidence and also includes comprehensive detailing of forensic ballistics including firearm classification, bullet comparison and matching. Further, it explores the examinations of drugs, chemicals, explosives, and petroleum products. It focuses on the various aspects of forensic toxicology, including the study of various poisons/toxins, associated signs and symptoms, a fatal dose /fatal period of poisons. The book also emphasizes digital and cyber forensics, including classification, data recovery tools, encryption and decryption methods, image, and video forensics. It is a useful resource for graduate and post-graduate students in the field of Forensic Science.
