The Theory of Prime Number Classification


Book Description

The Theory of Prime Number Classification This is an expository work of mathematical research into the prime numbers based on pattern methodology and classification techniques. As a comprehensive research into the classification systems for prime numbers, it address the following: „X Why prime numbers are regular yet random. „X What are the building blocks of prime numbers „X What is the framework for prime number generation This is done by developing the following classification systems: „X The Prime Root Classification. All prime numbers are constituted by roots, which are defined as the building blocks of the prime number. „X The Positional Classification. A two dimensional prime number space is defined that allows certain types of distribution analysis of primes to be made, deriving count functions and establishing the mean property of primes „X The Delta Classification of Primes. This classification creates prime families in terms of gaps. Prime gaps are found to have positive, negative and a steady gap acceleration. „X The Gap Theory Classification. All prime gaps and prime number behavior are based on Gap 2, Gap 4 and Gap 6. This then develops a classification system. Using the above classification systems, and defining a special function, a theory of prime number generation is then suggested, where this leads to the development of an algebraic sieve for finding prime numbers. The algebraic sieve contains all the relevant information about prime numbers, including how gaps widen, and prime number patterns. Consequently, it is then used to address the problem of finding a proof for the twin prime conjecture. As an expository work, the book also shares personal experiences and thoughts with regard to the research, and the development of expository mathematics. A program for prime number classification is available at www.zwideprimes.com




The Mathematics of Infinity


Book Description

Praise for the First Edition ". . . an enchanting book for those people in computer science or mathematics who are fascinated by the concept of infinity."—Computing Reviews ". . . a very well written introduction to set theory . . . easy to read and well suited for self-study . . . highly recommended."—Choice The concept of infinity has fascinated and confused mankind for centuries with theories and ideas that cause even seasoned mathematicians to wonder. The Mathematics of Infinity: A Guide to Great Ideas, Second Edition uniquely explores how we can manipulate these ideas when our common sense rebels at the conclusions we are drawing. Continuing to draw from his extensive work on the subject, the author provides a user-friendly presentation that avoids unnecessary, in-depth mathematical rigor. This Second Edition provides important coverage of logic and sets, elements and predicates, cardinals as ordinals, and mathematical physics. Classic arguments and illustrative examples are provided throughout the book and are accompanied by a gradual progression of sophisticated notions designed to stun readers' intuitive view of the world. With an accessible and balanced treatment of both concepts and theory, the book focuses on the following topics: Logic, sets, and functions Prime numbers Counting infinite sets Well ordered sets Infinite cardinals Logic and meta-mathematics Inductions and numbers Presenting an intriguing account of the notions of infinity, The Mathematics of Infinity: A Guide to Great Ideas, Second Edition is an insightful supplement for mathematics courses on set theory at the undergraduate level. The book also serves as a fascinating reference for mathematically inclined individuals who are interested in learning about the world of counterintuitive mathematics.




Number Theory Through the Eyes of Sophie Germain


Book Description

Number Theory Through the Eyes of Sophie Germain: An Inquiry Course is an innovative textbook for an introductory number theory course. Sophie Germain (1776–1831) was largely self-taught in mathematics and, two centuries ago, in solitude, devised and implemented a plan to prove Fermat's Last Theorem. We have only recently completely understood this work from her unpublished letters and manuscripts. David Pengelley has been a driving force in unraveling this mystery and here he masterfully guides his readers along a path of discovery. Germain, because of her circumstances as the first woman to do important original mathematical research, was forced to learn most of what we now include in an undergraduate number theory course for herself. Pengelley has taken excerpts of her writings (and those of others) and, by asking his readers to decipher them, skillfully leads us through an inquiry-based course in elementary number theory. It is a detective story on multiple levels. What is Sophie Germain thinking? What do her mathematical writings mean? How do we understand what she knew and what she was trying to do, where she succeeded and where she didn't? Number Theory Through the Eyes of Sophie Germainis simultaneously a masterpiece of historical scholarship, a guide to reading and teaching from primary-source historical documents, an inquiry-based textbook for introductory number theory, and the riveting story of a major, but still unappreciated, mathematician. Work is required of the reader. Readers are carefully guided to discover and prove almost all results for themselves in a sequence of scaffolded exploratory tasks with hints, fully integrated with the narrative. The difficulty of the inquiry tasks varies considerably, but the author provides the reader with appropriately helpful guidance at every step. An introductory number theory course taught with this text would be a remarkable, potentially life-changing, experience. —Stephen Kennedy, Carleton College and MAA Press




Elementary Number Theory with Applications


Book Description

This second edition updates the well-regarded 2001 publication with new short sections on topics like Catalan numbers and their relationship to Pascal's triangle and Mersenne numbers, Pollard rho factorization method, Hoggatt-Hensell identity. Koshy has added a new chapter on continued fractions. The unique features of the first edition like news of recent discoveries, biographical sketches of mathematicians, and applications--like the use of congruence in scheduling of a round-robin tournament--are being refreshed with current information. More challenging exercises are included both in the textbook and in the instructor's manual. Elementary Number Theory with Applications 2e is ideally suited for undergraduate students and is especially appropriate for prospective and in-service math teachers at the high school and middle school levels. * Loaded with pedagogical features including fully worked examples, graded exercises, chapter summaries, and computer exercises * Covers crucial applications of theory like computer security, ISBNs, ZIP codes, and UPC bar codes * Biographical sketches lay out the history of mathematics, emphasizing its roots in India and the Middle East




Prime-Detecting Sieves (LMS-33)


Book Description

This book seeks to describe the rapid development in recent decades of sieve methods able to detect prime numbers. The subject began with Eratosthenes in antiquity, took on new shape with Legendre's form of the sieve, was substantially reworked by Ivan M. Vinogradov and Yuri V. Linnik, but came into its own with Robert C. Vaughan and important contributions from others, notably Roger Heath-Brown and Henryk Iwaniec. Prime-Detecting Sieves breaks new ground by bringing together several different types of problems that have been tackled with modern sieve methods and by discussing the ideas common to each, in particular the use of Type I and Type II information. No other book has undertaken such a systematic treatment of prime-detecting sieves. Among the many topics Glyn Harman covers are primes in short intervals, the greatest prime factor of the sequence of shifted primes, Goldbach numbers in short intervals, the distribution of Gaussian primes, and the recent work of John Friedlander and Iwaniec on primes that are a sum of a square and a fourth power, and Heath-Brown's work on primes represented as a cube plus twice a cube. This book contains much that is accessible to beginning graduate students, yet also provides insights that will benefit established researchers.




The Pursuit of God in the Company of Friends


Book Description

You were not meant to walk alone. Many of us struggle to forge deep relationships with God and other people. Modern society has isolated us as rugged individuals, deceiving us into thinking we can make it through life on our own. Individualism has likewise shaped the pattern of Christian discipleship, privatizing faith and separating us from fellow believers. But we come to know God best when others help us on the way. And our friendships develop best when we seek after God together. What would it look like to pursue God not by ourselves but in the company of friends? According to the model of the New Testament, spiritual transformation takes place in the context of Christian community. By unpacking the Gospel narratives of Jesus' ministry with his disciples, Richard Lamb demonstrates how discipleship develops within the shared community life of groups of Christians. He explores a range of topics--such as spiritual friendship, hospitality, leadership, service, conflict, forgiveness and mission--in light of Christian community. Engaging stories from real-life experience show how people can form one another spiritually when their lives are tumbled against one another. If you long for more of God, deeper friendships or both, this book will help you on the journey. Discover the transforming power of discipleship in community. Join the pursuit of God in the company of friends.




Math Trek


Book Description

There s a new amusement park in town. Come on in and find out allthe exciting ways you can have fun with math in everyday life.Wander through the fractal forest, take a ride on the M?obius-striproller coaster, and get dizzy learning about how math makes theTilt-A-Whirl possible. The more activities you try, the more you lllearn how cool it can be to see the world through the eyes of amathematician. Once you ve sampled some of the interesting and unique projects inMath Trek, from untangling unknots to winning games with weird diceto figuring out secret codes, you ll see that every trip to theMathZone is an exciting adventure!




Have Some Sums to Solve


Book Description

This book presents a challenging diversion to mathematics enthusiasts. Divided into three sections, the author gives some historical notes, a step-by-step solution of a sample alphametic, and some general hints on the solution of alphametics. The Puzzle Section contains both the ideal doubly-true type of alphametic and the narrative type presented in the context of a brain-teaser. Directed Approach Section provides instructions to help find the solutions of every alphametic in the book. Solution Section gives the solution to each and every alphametic and answers questions raised in the narrative examples. Problems vary in degree of difficulty to tease even an expert.




The Foundation Book of Primes - 2Nd Edition


Book Description

Written Now This book is being written now so that when major earth changes occur, this handbook will allow order to quickly be established. Relying on arcane institutions will extend harsh pain and suffering. This is unnecessary. We have the capability to provide caring and humane treatment towards each other. Do not be fooled when others make the claim that the current belief systems are the only ones. Dare to choose a more all-encompassing one. Blueprint for Development This book is provided as a blue print for an optimum environment for advancing entity pools development. One of the purposes is to describe a framework for all sentients to be included, if the will be there. The framework is one of inclusion and not to be limited to a small percent of the society pool. Are you up to it? Need a Disclaimer? We can customize a disclaimer for you if you like should you find the words that are used in this book disturbing. The journey is truly yours to take should you choose to take a chance on something that will be quite magnificent! Do you need a disclaimer or will you dare to choose?




Exploring the Infinite Possibilities


Book Description

**Exploring the Infinite Possibilities Unlock the Mysteries of Mathematics** Dive into a world where numbers weave patterns of breathtaking beauty and equations reveal the secrets of the universe. "Exploring the Infinite Possibilities" is a captivating journey through the landscape of mathematics, offering a fresh and insightful perspective on a subject often shrouded in mystery and complexity. Begin your exploration with the aesthetic allure of mathematics, where the harmony of numbers and the elegance of patterns and symmetry spark a sense of wonder. Venture into the rich history of mathematical thought, tracing its evolution from ancient civilizations, through the intellectual fervor of the Renaissance, to the innovations that define modern mathematics today. Discover the boundless nature of infinity, uncover the mysteries of fractals and chaos theory, and delve into the intriguing realm of transfinite numbers. Wander through the natural world, where the Fibonacci sequence and the Golden Ratio manifest in mesmerizing forms and patterns, and explore the symmetrical beauty inherent in biological structures. Unravel the intricacies of mathematical proofs, from historical breakthroughs to contemporary challenges that drive mathematical discovery. Appreciate mathematics as a universal language, bridging the gap between the abstract and the tangible, and see its unifying power in science. From the elegance of Euclidean geometry to the peculiarities of non-Euclidean spaces, geometric concepts open the door to endless possibilities. Explore the hidden symmetries in abstract algebra, the enigmatic nature of prime numbers, and the profound impacts of calculus—the mathematics of change. Venture into the realms of mathematical analysis, probability, and statistics, uncovering the profound insights these fields offer into our world. Engage with the foundations of mathematical logic and embark on a journey through the digital age, where algorithms and machine learning reshape our lives. "Exploring the Infinite Possibilities" is not just a book—it's an inspiring odyssey into a vibrant mathematical universe. Whether you're a curious enthusiast or a seasoned mathematician, this book invites you to continue the great journey of mathematical exploration, inspiring future generations and highlighting the global impact of mathematics.