Wild Mushrooms


Book Description

Many wild varieties of mushrooms are consumed by people around the world, yet many species remain unexplored, their nutritional as well as pharmacological significance yet to be discovered for many of them. Wild Mushrooms: Characteristics, Nutrition, and Processing informs readers about different unexplored wild mushrooms, their methods of cultivation, nutritional values, pharmaceutical values, and possible utilization for human wellbeing. The book represents a comprehensive assessement of current knowledge about the edible mushrooms commercialization, especially as nutraceuticals and dietary supplement formulation, mineral supplementation and source of quality proteins in foods and diet. The health benefits of edible mushrooms, nature and chemistry of bioactive components and in-vitro and in-vivo bioactivity of edible mushrooms are also highlighted in different chapters. By bringing diverse areas such as oxidative stress and longevity, techniques of mushroom analysis, toxicology and extracellular enzymes of wild mushrooms, it lays the groundwork for striking expansion in our understanding of these important biochemicals and their role in health and disease prevention. Key Features: Explores major preservation and processing technologies for wild mushrooms and their effects on bioavailability and nutritional value of mushrooms Presents the classical taxonomy and genetic classification of mushrooms Discusses the different components present in mushrooms and their biological activities and the health attribute of mushrooms due to these bioactive components Reviews the applications of mushrooms in environmental pollution reduction Covers different cultivation strategies of edible and medicinal mushrooms The book also explores the role of mushrooms in the degradation of harmful xenobiotic compounds as well as reduction of pesticides. It discusses the utilization of wild mushrooms in waste management and cultivation of wild mushroom using lignocellulosic biomass-based residue as a substrate. This book should be of interest to a large and varied audience of researchers in academia, industry, nutritionists, dietitian, food scientists, agriculturists and regulators.




Culturing the Body


Book Description

The human body is both the site of lived experiences and a means of communicating those experiences to a diverse audience. Hominins have been culturing their bodies, that is adding social and cultural meaning through the use pigments and objects, for over 100,000 years. There is archaeological evidence for practices of adornment of the body by late Pleistocene and early Holocene hominins, including personal ornaments, clothing, hairstyles, body painting, and tattoos. These practices have been variously interpreted to reflect differences such as gender, status, and ethnicity, to attract or intimidate others, and as indices of a symbolically mediated self and personal identity. These studies contribute to a novel and growing body of evidence for diversity of cultural expression in the past, something that is a hallmark of human cultures today.




El Mirón Cave, Cantabrian Spain


Book Description

Though known as a site since 1903, El Mirón Cave in the Cantabrian Mountains of northern Spain remained unexcavated until a team from the universities of New Mexico and Cantabria began ongoing excavations in 1996. This large, deeply stratified cave allowed the team to apply cutting-edge techniques of excavation, recording, and multidisciplinary analysis in the meticulous study of a site that has become a new reference sequence for the classic Cantabrian region. The excavations uncovered the long history of human occupation of the cave, extending from the end of the Middle Paleolithic, through the Upper Paleolithic, up to the modern era. This volume comprehensively describes the background information on the setting, the site, the chronology, and the sedimentology. It then focuses on the biological and archaeological records of the Holocene levels pertaining to Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, and Bronze Age. Archaeologists, anthropologists, and historians will be drawn to this study and its extensive findings, dated by some seventy-five radiocarbon assays.




Bioprospects of Macrofungi


Book Description

The discipline of mycology is a fascinating one. It has a major influence on the nutrition, health and environmental safety of mankind. Cultivation of edible and non-edible mushrooms for nutrition, pharmaceuticals, biopolymers and biocomposites will open up new avenues in research as well as the more profitable utilization of agricultural residues. Cultivation and of domesticated and wild mushrooms poses a challenge to fulfill the needs of human/animal nutrition and utilization of agrowastes tangibly. Cultivation of ectomycorrhizal fungi benefits nutrition as well as plant protection. Macrofungi are the major source of several metabolites of nutritional, health, agricultural and industrial significance (e.g., antioxidants, antimicrobials and pigments). Macrofungal bio composites provide alternatives to the use of animal-derived or plant-derived products (e.g., nanopapers, leather and packaging materials). They serve a dual role in providing nutrition and pharmaceuticals (nutraceuticals) to humans as well as livestock. Macrofungi interact with insects symbiotically (e.g., Termitomyces with termites) and provide delicious nutraceutical product. They also control insects by infecting and producing pharmaceutically and metabolite-rich products (e.g., Cordyceps attacks insects). Macrofungi have a strong potential to control pathogens like nematodes in soil (bioremediation). They are also useful as biofertilizers to meet the needs of plant nutrition. The book outlines current advances in macrofungal technology. It highlights different facets of macrofungal cultivation, bioactive compounds, biocomposites, nutraceuticals, benefits with interaction with insects, application as biofertilizers and ecosystem services like bioremediation.




Denisovan Origins


Book Description

Reveals the profound influence of the Denisovans and their hybrid descendants upon the flowering of human civilization around the world • Traces the migrations of the sophisticated Denisovans and their interbreeding with Neanderthals and early human populations more than 40,000 years ago • Shows how Denisovan hybrids became the elite of ancient societies, including the Adena mound-building culture • Explores the Denisovans’ extraordinary advances, including precision-machined stone tools and jewelry, tailored clothing, and celestially-aligned architecture Ice-age cave artists, the builders at Göbekli Tepe, and the mound-builders of North America all share a common ancestry in the Solutreans, Neanderthal-human hybrids of immense sophistication, who dominated southwest Europe before reaching North America 20,000 years ago. Yet, even before the Solutreans, the American continent was home to a powerful population of enormous stature, giants remembered in Native American legend as the Thunder People. New research shows they were hybrid descendants of an extinct human group known as the Denisovans, whose existence has now been confirmed from fossil remains found in a cave in the Altai region of Siberia. Tracing the migrations of the Denisovans and their interbreeding with Neanderthals and early human populations in Asia, Europe, Australia, and the Americas, Andrew Collins and Greg Little explore how the new mental capabilities of the Denisovan-Neanderthal and Denisovan-human hybrids greatly accelerated the flowering of human civilization over 40,000 years ago. They show how the Denisovans displayed sophisticated advances, including precision-machined stone tools and jewelry, tailored clothing, celestially-aligned architecture, and horse domestication. Examining evidence from ancient America, the authors reveal how Denisovan hybrids became the elite of the Adena mound-building culture, explaining the giant skeletons found in Native American burial mounds. The authors also explore how the Denisovans’ descendants were the creators of a cosmological death journey and viewed the Milky Way as the Path of Souls. Revealing the impact of the Denisovans upon every part of the world, the authors show that, without early man’s hybridization with Denisovans, Neanderthals, and other yet-to-be-discovered hominid populations, the modern world as we know it would not exist.




The Archaeology of the Bronze Age Levant


Book Description

An up-to-date, systematic depiction of Bronze Age societies of the Levant, their evolution, and their interactions and entanglements with neighboring regions.




The Archaeology of the Caucasus


Book Description

This conspectus brings together in an accessible and systematic manner a dizzy array of archaeological cultures situated between several worlds.




Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism


Book Description

This practical volume highlights traditional, novel, and evolving aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE). The contributors comprise an international team of experts. Important aspects of diagnosis, risk stratification, and differential treatment of patients with PE are presented in a concise, yet comprehensive manner. Emphasis is placed on specific issues related to PE, including pregnancy, cancer, thrombophilia, and air travel.




The Firebird and the Fox


Book Description

A century of Russian artistic genius, including literature, art, music and dance, within the dynamic cultural ecosystem that shaped it.




Born to Run


Book Description

A New York Times bestseller 'A sensation ... a rollicking tale well told' - The Times At the heart of Born to Run lies a mysterious tribe of Mexican Indians, the Tarahumara, who live quietly in canyons and are reputed to be the best distance runners in the world; in 1993, one of them, aged 57, came first in a prestigious 100-mile race wearing a toga and sandals. A small group of the world's top ultra-runners (and the awe-inspiring author) make the treacherous journey into the canyons to try to learn the tribe's secrets and then take them on over a course 50 miles long. With incredible energy and smart observation, McDougall tells this story while asking what the secrets are to being an incredible runner. Travelling to labs at Harvard, Nike, and elsewhere, he comes across an incredible cast of characters, including the woman who recently broke the world record for 100 miles and for her encore ran a 2:50 marathon in a bikini, pausing to down a beer at the 20 mile mark.