The Security of the Caspian Sea Region


Book Description

Published in association with the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.




The Legal Status of the Caspian Sea


Book Description

This book analyzes the legal and economic situation concerning the removal and allocation of the natural resources in the Caspian Sea – the largest enclosed body of salt water in the world, which not only constitutes a fragile ecosystem with great fishery resources, but is also rich in oil and gas deposits. The economic advantages gained from the development of oil and gas are the basis for the economic and social development of the riparian states, but also cause significant transboundary harm to the ecosystem of the Caspian Sea. The book contends that, if the local environment grows more heavily contaminated through the extraction of mineral resources, it could lead to environmentally induced violence. It describes the ongoing conflicts, which are primarily due to various riparian states’ territorial claims concerning the extraction of oil and gas resources, and argues that the current legal framework on the use and protection of the Caspian Sea is obsolete. Thus, the main objective of the book is to point out corresponding international legal mechanisms that could be used in order to settle these disputes and protect the Caspian Sea’s fragile environment from transboundary harm.




The Caspian


Book Description

Reflecting the particular concerns of each of the Caspian countries, this book offers a unique perspective on the prospects and priorities for long-term development round the Caspian basin.




US Energy Diplomacy in the Caspian Sea Basin


Book Description

This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of US policy from the perspective of an analyst and scholar from the region. This volume discusses the US energy diplomacy in the Caspian Sea region since 2001. It compares the foreign policy of the Bush, Obama, and Trump administrations, following the changing role of energy in the behavior of the US toward states in the energy hubs of Central Asia and the Caspian Sea. The chapters employ historical analysis, regional analysis, interviews, and case studies to trace the evolution of US interests in the area and posits likely trends for future policy. Topics discussed include: China’s massive Belt and Road Initiative the energy and foreign policies of the Caspian littoral states in comparison with those of China, India, the European Union, and Turkey the escalation of differences among key OPEC members during the Trump era the impact of the oil price war on the US shale industry the spread of COVID-19 and its impact on the oil market Russian and U.S. competition in the EU energy market the US-China trade war and the role of energy in the first phase of the US-China trade deal the energy policy of the incoming US President, Joe Biden Shedding light on the complex geopolitics of the US-Caspian Sea Energy diplomacy, this volume will be of interest to researchers of foreign policy, diplomacy, international relations, and energy policy as well as policymakers and analysts working in related areas.




The Caspian Sea


Book Description

This volume is based on the presentations and deliberations of an Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) "Caspian Sea: A Quest for Environmental Security" that was held on March 15-19, 1999, in Venice (Italy). The Workshop was sponsored by the NATO's Division for Scientific and Environmental Affairs, with additional support provided by the Trust for Mutual Understanding (USA). It was organized by Duke University's Center for International Development Research with the guidance of the International Committee of scientists from Russia, United States. Georgia and Italy and organizational assistance rendered by Venice International University. The Caspian Sea region is of profound importance from the perspective of global and regional environmental security. New geopolitical and economic circumstances have created a mixture of competition. reluctant collaboration, and legal, political, economic and ideological wrangling. There is an intense debate over how the Caspian and its resources should be divided among littoral states and how these resources are to be developed. While most littoral states and the international companies strive to develop the area's immense hydrocarbon potential, it is clear that the Caspian's unique and fragile ecosystem is at risk.




Taming Dictators and Developing Security: The Caspian Sea Region Arrives on the Global Economy


Book Description

The United States needs to refocus its instruments of power to the Caspian Sea region in support of the evolving nation-states in that area. This region, made up of Central Asia and the Caucasus, is rich in natural resources and history, and a vast range of nationalities and languages are represented there. White House consideration of the region is well articulated in both the Clinton and George W. Bush Administrations' National Security Strategies. Assessment of the White House's diplomatic, economic, and military actions over the past few years is critical to determine what security assistance should be provided to deter regional internal and external threats. This paper examines these actions in light of current events and concludes with recommendations for U.S. assistance to ease the region's security integration into the international scene. U.S. leadership must expand its understanding of this region's rich natural resources, current threats to nation-state existence both internally and externally, and the current and future risks to its people. An external security analysis examines the interests of Russia, Iran, and China in the Caspian Sea region. Overviews are provided of the area's economy and its natural resources of oil, natural gas, and freshwater. During the invasion of Afghanistan to fight the Taliban, U.S. forces and their equipment were allowed entry into Georgia, Uzbekistan (Hanabad Airbase) and Kyrgyzstan (Manas International Airport) as they moved towards their objectives in Afghanistan. Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld dispatched U.S. soldiers to Georgia to assist the local army as they located and neutralized terrorists in the Pankisi Gorge area. U.S. military instructors are training around 2,000 Georgians over the next 18 months. The author concludes that, without a more permanent U.S. commitment to the peoples of this region, a regional struggle to gain natural and refined energy resources may lead to a series of territorial wars. (34 ref7.







The Caspian Sea Chessboard


Book Description

Stuck in the middle of different as well as relevant regional complexes, the Caspian Sea basin represents a critical geopolitical hub in the heart of Eurasia landmass. Political, economic as well as strategic considerations contribute to determine the systemic relevance of the Caspian Sea, whose reputation in the West is mainly linked to the vast availability of largely untapped oil and gas resources. However, behind the fierce competition aimed at the exploitation and transportation of the basin’s hydrocarbons lies a much more complex picture, consisting of interlinked legal, military and soft power issues and threats. Aim of the volume – result of a joint research project conducted by the Center for Strategic Studies under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan (SAM, Baku) and the Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI, Milan) – is to address the relevance of the Caspian Sea in the post-bipolar international system, analyzing both soft and had security threats emerging form the basin, as well as the policies of littoral and extra-regional actors.




Geopolitics and Energy Security Policies in the Caspian Region


Book Description

The analysis of geopolitics and energy security policies in the Caspian region is a challenging research task. This is because of the specific development of international relations in this region and the evolution of its importance in the context of the functioning of the global energy market. Due to its special geopolitical location in central Eurasia and at the junction at the world’s largest trading routes, the region is gaining in importance, both politically and economically in contemporary international relations, and becoming a place where actors involved satisfy the need for energy security.




Caspian Security Issues


Book Description

The Caucasus and the Caspian areas have been a core interest for the main actors of international politics from the Persian Empire to the 21st century Chinese power. However, the internal and systemic constraints that once drove various political powers to compete for the control of the area has changed throughout history. This collective study will focus on issues such as the positional relevance of this region in the major powers’ policies, the peculiar legal status of the Caspian Basin (saline as a sea, closed like a lake), the energy policies of some of the Caucasian countries and the role of these strategic resources as a cause for possible conflicts or, conversely, as effective means for their non-violent resolution. These topics will be examined within nine essays from various fields of analysis, such as political science, legal studies, history and economy to ensure each topic is addressed with the appropriate depth of inquiry.