Women Leaders of Africa, Asia, Middle East, and Pacific


Book Description

Women Leaders of Africa, Asia, Middle East, and Pacific presents biographical sketches of hundreds of women leaders from earliest recorded history down to the present time. It is the first of two volumes giving data on women leaders from every continent and island in the world; the second volume deals with Europe and countries of the Western Hemisphere. Each book is divided into two sections. Part I of this volume deals with African women leaders; Part II with Asian, Middle East and Pacific women. Within each section, which is introduced by an essay overview, entries are arranged alphabetically. Suggestions for further reading on the subject appear at the end of each entry. Not all entries are merely recitations of facts. Some women's lives do not lend themselves to being reduced to statistics. Many were much too colorful, or lusty, or bloodthirsty to fit into a neat categorical description. How do you easily characterize the rule of the African queen who hacked her servant to death after she was through using him as a chair just to intimidate her new Portuguese overlord? Who kept as many as thirty slaves as sexual partners, supposedly killing them off when she had finished with them? How do you gloss over the actions of the newly enthroned Persian queen who ordered her stepbrother strangled, then had gold and silver coins struck bearing her new title: "Purity of the earthly world and of the faith"? How do you describe nicely the actions of the Chinese queen who chopped off her own hand to make a point to a man she had just condemned to death? How do you ascribe feminine traits to a grandmother who tried to kill her own grandson to keep him from succeeding her on the throne she herself had stolen? On the other hand, how do you do justice to the Queen of Tonga without mention of her commanding size six feet two inches or her forty-seven-year devotion to matters far beyond mere governance but of more importance to her subjects: like establishing handicraft outlets to market the wares of her people? Or to the Queen of Thailand who acted as Regent while the King, a devout Buddhist, performed his meditations and duties as a monk? She directed much more than affairs of state; her concern for the common people led her to promote the export of hand-woven Thai silk and to establish a chain of shops selling native crafts. She also organized the Thai Red Cross for aid to refugees, orphans, wounded soldiers, and flood victims. These and dozens of stories like them make African, Asian, Middle East, and Pacific Women Leaders a unique treasure that is hard to put down. Although most of the entries in this volume deal with women rulers, a portion of the book is devoted to women in leadership roles other than those of queen, empress, prime minister, or chieftainess. Of these additional entries, the majority deals with contemporary women judges, secretaries of state, cabinet members, or legislators of unusual influence and power.




Women Leaders of Europe and the Western Hemisphere


Book Description

Women Leaders of Europe and the Western Hemisphere offers short biographical entries on women, both famous and obscure, holding the reins of power from ancient times up to the present day on three continents. In addition to these alphabetically and regionally arranged entries, two essays present often astonishing anecdotes concerning many of these forgotten women, bringing them to life and imbuing their stories with all the flamboyance and drama of an epic movie. Its companion book covers women leaders from Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the Pacific.




Christian Social Witness and Teaching: From Biblical times to the late nineteenth century


Book Description

The two volume authoritative guide to the social teaching of the Catholic Church. This first volume covers the period from Genesis to Centesimus Annus - Biblical times to the late nineteenth century. There has been a social teaching in the Judaeo-Christian tradition from the beginning, and it has continued to develop in the Christian tradition through the social witness and teaching of the Church through to the present time. Here is the Christian experience from Apostolic times, through the witness of the early Church Fathers and then Christendom in the Middle Ages, and the periods of absolutisms, imperialisms and revolutions in the early modern and modern world down to the end of the nineteenth century. Rodger Charles, S.J. has been researching, lecturing and writing in London, Oxford and San Francisco for over forty years.




Castrum to Castle


Book Description

A richly illustrated history of military fortifications in ancient and medieval times. For over a thousand years, from the time of the Roman Empire to the classic period of castle-building in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, fortified sites played a key role in European warfare. This highly illustrated history gives a fascinating insight into their design and development and into the centuries of violence and conflict they were part of. The study traces the evolution of fortifications starting with those of the Romans and their successors. Included are the defenses erected to resist Islamic invasions and Viking raids and the castles built during outbreaks of warfare. As the authors demonstrate, castles and other fortifications were essential factors in military calculations and campaigns. They were of direct strategic and tactical importance wherever there was an attempt to take or hold territory. The factors that influenced their location, layout, and construction are analyzed in this fascinating book, as is the way in which they were adapted to meet the challenges of new tactics and weapons.




Science and Civilisation in China, Part 7, Military Technology: The Gunpowder Epic


Book Description

The Gunpowder Epic is one of three planned publications on military technology within Dr Needham's immense undertaking. The discovery of gunpowder in China by the 9th century AD was followed by its rapid applications. It is now clear that the whole development from bombs and grenades to the invention of the metal-barrel hand gun took place in the Chinese culture area before Europeans had any knowledge of the mixture itself. Uses in civil engineering and mechanical engineering were equally important, before the knowledge of gunpowder spread to Europe in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Dr Needham's new work continues to demonstrate the major importance of Chinese science and technology to world history and maintains the tradition of one of the great scholarly works of the twentieth century.




Hugo Wolf


Book Description

A groundbreaking look at one of the great song composers of the late Romantic period In the virtual cottage industry of works on fin de siècle Vienna, Hugo Wolf (1860–1903) has been somewhat neglected, perhaps because he was the master of a small genre—the late Romantic lied—and never truly made his mark in the larger forms that command greater public attention. But in the realm of song, he is among the greatest inheritors of Schubert and Schumann, one who was both a traditionalist and a modernist. When the Viennese critic Eduard Hanslick disapprovingly dubbed Wolf “the Richard Wagner of the lied,” he was paying oblique homage to Wolf’s genius as a song composer in the most modern manner. In this book, Susan Youens examines five aspects of Wolf’s compositional art, each exemplifying a different synthesis of traditionalism and modernity and spanning his entire, tragically brief creative life, from his first efforts to his lapse into insanity in 1897. She discusses Wolf’s youthful imitations of Schumann, his genius for comic songs of a kind unlike any of his predecessors, his part in the ballad revival of the late nineteenth century, Wolf in relation to his contemporaries, and his pursuit of operatic fame. Youens looks as closely at the poetic texts as she does the music and includes numerous previously unpublished sketches and fragments, examples from songs now long out of print and difficult to obtain, and citations from Wolf’s vivid letters and other sources of the period.




Italy's Social Revolution


Book Description

The study of welfare can illuminate debate about some of the grand themes in modern Italian history - the question of the success or failure of nation-building; the question of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the state; and the question of continuity and discontinuity from liberalism to fascism. It can also deepen understanding of one of the most pressing problems confronting historians of Italian fascism - the question of the actual impact of fascist rule on Italian society. Despite this, surprisingly few scholars have done any work on this important topic. This book aims to contribute to scholarship on the social history of modern Italy by examining welfare thinking and policies from the nineteenth century to the fascist period.







Anasazi America


Book Description

At the height of their power in the late eleventh century, the Chaco Anasazi dominated a territory in the American Southwest larger than any European principality of the time. A vast and powerful alliance of thousands of farming hamlets and nearly 100 spectacular towns integrated the region through economic and religious ties, and the whole system was interconnected with hundreds of miles of roads. It took these Anasazi farmers more than seven centuries to lay the agricultural, organizational, and technological groundwork for the creation of classic Chacoan civilization, which lasted about 200 years--only to collapse spectacularly in a mere 40. Why did such a great society collapse? Who survived? Why? In this lively book anthropologist/archaeologist David Stuart presents answers to these questions that offer useful lessons to modern societies. His account of the rise and fall of the Chaco Anasazi brings to life the people known to us today as the architects of Chaco Canyon, the spectacular national park in New Mexico that thousands of tourists visit every year.