The Small Flows Journal


Book Description




Direct Numerical Simulation of Very-Large-Scale Motions in Turbulent Pipe Flow


Book Description

Die turbulente Rohrströmung ist nicht nur von großer Bedeutung für Anwendungen im Ingenieurbereich, sondern auch für die Grundlagenforschung von wandnaher Turbulenz. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Interaktion sogenannter turbulenter Superstrukturen (engl.: very-large-scale motions, VLSMs) mit der kleinskaligen Wandturbulenz auf Basis der Methode der direkten numerischen Simulation untersucht. Dabei werden Schubspannungs-Reynoldszahlen bis Reτ = 2880 und Rohrlängen bis L = 42R berücksichtigt. Es wird das Konvergenz- und Skalierungsverhalten verschiedener statistischer Momente der Geschwindigkeitsverteilung untersucht und in Bezug auf VLSMs diskutiert. Die folgende Analyse der axialen Energietransportgleichung des gefilterten Geschwindigkeitsfeldes legt offen, dass VLSMs Energie von der mittleren Strömung zugeführt bekommen, ähnlich den kleinskaligen Strukturen durch den turbulenten Produktionsmechanismus. Die verschiedenen Terme der Energiebilanz werden sowohl anhand von mittleren Profilen, als auch instantanen Strömungsvisualisierungen und drei-dimensionalen Korrelationen diskutiert, wobei auch auf das Phänomen der inversen turbulenten Energiekaskade eingegangen wird. Die Forschungsarbeit gewährt dabei neue Einblicke in die Interaktion der VLSMs mit dem turbulenten Wandzyklus und trägt zum besseren Verständnis der turbulenten Rohrströmung bei. Turbulent pipe flow is not only of importance to engineering applications but also of fundamental interest to the study of wall-bounded turbulence. In the present work, the interaction of the so-called very-large-scale motions (VLSMs) with the near-wall, small-scale turbulence is explored by means of direct numerical simulation for friction Reynolds numbers up to Reτ = 2880 and pipe lengths up to L = 42R. Besides, the convergence and the scaling of different order moments of the velocity distribution are studied and also discussed with regard to VLSMs. The subsequent analysis of the streamwise energy budget equation of the filtered velocity field reveals that VLSMs obtain their energy from the mean velocity field via a production mechanism similar to the one known from the near-wall cycle. Moreover, the different energy budget terms are investigated by means of statistical averages, instantaneous flow field visualisations, and three-dimensional correlations, wherein the backscattering phenomenon is also dealt with. In brief, the research sheds new light on our understanding of the interaction between VLSMs and the near-wall cycle and leads to a better grasp of turbulent pipe flow in general.




Rheology - Volume I


Book Description

Rheology is a component of Encyclopedia of Chemical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty Encyclopedias. Rheology is the study of the flow of matter. It is classified as a physics discipline and focuses on substances that do not maintain a constant viscosity or state of flow. That can involve liquids, soft solids and solids that are under conditions that cause them to flow. It applies to substances which have a complex molecular structure, such as muds, sludges, suspensions, polymers and other glass formers, as well as many foods and additives, bodily fluids and other biological materials. The theme on Rheology focuses on five main areas, namely, basic concepts of rheology; rheometry; rheological materials, rheological processes and theoretical rheology. Of course, many of the chapters contain material from more than one general area. Rheology is an interdisciplinary subject which embraces many aspects of mathematics, physics, chemistry, engineering and biology. These two volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.




Managerial Flow


Book Description

When globalization affects jobs and economies, policy makers strive to plan, design and implement actions to support their communities and businesses (Ansell and Gash 2007). Furthermore, local development policies are at the core of international cooperation programs or more in general represent a challenge for emerging countries. They could refer to infrastructure, entrepreneurship innovation or urban renewal. However, more frequently than not, development policies, which involve different institutional levels and public and private players, fail due to poor implementation management. This research book presents a managerial approach (the so called Managerial Flow) that could help the closure of gaps that hamper an efficient and effective policy execution. The managerial flow model observes the phenomenon of policy implementation for economic development through managerial lens. In the book, the research team has empirically identified five gaps in practice whereupon public policy implementation falls down. As a response Managerial Flow model outlines sets of managerial actions that can be adopted to facilitate a clear ‘flow’ from policy development through to implementation. This book expands on the Managerial Flow model, and acts as both a practical guide to stimulate evidence based policy implementation in governments and as theoretical contribution to policy and strategy execution. Written for researchers and academics, this book begins by outlining the theoretical foundations of Managerial Flow and moves to unpack application and cases, based in different sectors and countries, in order to discuss and show how the Managerial Flow approach can concretely support managers in the implementation of economic development policies. It reviews and discusses how the managerial flow could be relevant in the implementation of a set of sectorial policies and uses the managerial flow concept to analyse cases of economic development and establish lessons for broader management scope.










Advances in Spatio-Temporal Analysis


Book Description

Developments in Geographic Information Technology have raised the expectations of users. A static map is no longer enough; there is now demand for a dynamic representation. Time is of great importance when operating on real world geographical phenomena, especially when these are dynamic. Researchers in the field of Temporal Geographical Information Systems (TGIS) have been developing methods of incorporating time into geographical information systems. Spatio-temporal analysis embodies spatial modelling, spatio-temporal modelling and spatial reasoning and data mining. Advances in Spatio-Temporal Analysis contributes to the field of spatio-temporal analysis, presenting innovative ideas and examples that reflect current progress and achievements.




Informatics, Networking and Intelligent Computing


Book Description

This proceedings volume contains selected papers presented at the 2014 International Conference on Informatics, Networking and Intelligent Computing, held in Shenzhen, China. Contributions cover the latest developments and advances in the field of Informatics, Networking and Intelligent Computing.




Principles of Cash Flow Valuation


Book Description

Principles of Cash Flow Valuation is the only book available that focuses exclusively on cash flow valuation. This text provides a comprehensive and practical, market-based framework for the valuation of finite cash flows derived from a set of integrated financial statements, namely, the income statement, balance sheet, and cash budget. The authors have distilled the essence of years of gathering academic wisdom in the study of cash flow analysis and the cost of capital. Their work should go a long way toward bridging the gap between the application of cost benefit analysis and the theory of capital budgeting. This book covers the basic concepts in market-based cash flow valuation. Topics include the tme value of money (TVM) and an introduction to cost of capital; basic review of financial statements and accounting concepts; construction of integrated pro-forma financial statements; derivation of free cash flows; use of the WACC in theory and in practice; estimating the WACC for non traded firms; calculating the terminal value beyond the planning period. It also revisits the theory for cost of capital and explains how cash flows are valued in reality. The ideas are illustrated using examples and a case study. The presentation is appropriate for a range of technical backgrounds. This text will be of interest to finance professionals as well as MBA and other graduate students in finance. * Provides the only exclusive treatment of cash flow valuation* Authors use examples and a case study to illustrate ideas* Presentation appropriate for a range of technical backgrounds: ideas are presented clearly, full exposition is also provided* Named among the Top 10 financial engineering titles by Financial Engineering News




Flow Measurement Handbook


Book Description

Flow Measurement Handbook is a reference for engineers on flow measurement techniques and instruments. It strikes a balance between laboratory ideas and the realities of field experience and provides practical advice on design, operation and performance of flowmeters. It begins with a review of essentials: accuracy, flow, selection and calibration methods. Each chapter is then devoted to a flowmeter class and includes information on design, application installation, calibration and operation. Among the flowmeters discussed are differential pressure devices such as orifice and Venturi, volumetric flowmeters such as positive displacement, turbine, vortex, electromagnetic, magnetic resonance, ultrasonic, acoustic, multiphase flowmeters and mass meters, such as thermal and Coriolis. There are also chapters on probes, verification and remote data access.