The Unfree Exercise of Religion


Book Description

Religious discrimination is the norm in many countries around the world, and the rate is rising. Nearly every country which discriminates does so unequally, singling out some religious minorities for more discrimination than others. Religious tradition does not explain this complex issue. For example, Muslim majority states include both the most discriminatory and tolerant states in the world, as is also the case with Christian majority states. Religious ideologies, nationalism, regime, culture, security issues, and political issues are also all part of the answer. In The Unfree Exercise of Religion Jonathan Fox examines how we understand concepts like religious discrimination and religious freedom, and why countries discriminate. He makes a study of religious discrimination against 597 religious minorities in 177 countries between 1990 and 2008. While 29 types of discrimination are discussed in this book, the most common include restrictions in places of worship, proselytizing, and religious education.




A World Survey of Religion and the State


Book Description

This book delves into the extent of government involvement in religion (GIR) between 1990 and 2002 using both quantitative and qualitative methodology. The study is based on the Religion and State dataset (RAS), which includes 175 governments across the globe, all of which are addressed individually in this book. The forms of GIR examined in this study include whether the government has an official religion, whether some religions are given preferential treatment, religious discrimination against minority religion, government regulation of the majority religion, and religious legislation. The study shows that GIR is ubiquitous, that GIR increased significantly during this period, and that only a minority of states, including a minority of democracies, have separation of religion and state. These findings contradict the predictions of religion's reduced public significance found in modernization and secularization theory. The findings also demonstrate that state religious monopolies are linked to reduced religious participation.




God Owes Us Nothing


Book Description

God Owes Us Nothing reflects on the centuries-long debate in Christianity: how do we reconcile the existence of evil in the world with the goodness of an omnipotent God, and how does God's omnipotence relate to people's responsibility for their own salvation or damnation. Leszek Kolakowski approaches this paradox as both an exercise in theology and in revisionist Christian history based on philosophical analysis. Kolakowski's unorthodox interpretation of the history of modern Christianity provokes renewed discussion about the historical, intellectual, and cultural omnipotence of neo-Augustinianism. "Several books a year wrestle with that hoary conundrum, but few so dazzlingly as the Polish philosopher's latest."—Carlin Romano, Washington Post Book World "Kolakowski's fascinating book and its debatable thesis raise intriguing historical and theological questions well worth pursuing."—Stephen J. Duffy, Theological Studies "Kolakowski's elegant meditation is a masterpiece of cultural and religious criticism."—Henry Carrigan, Cleveland Plain Dealer




On Religion


Book Description




World History as the History of Foundations, 3000 BCE to 1500 CE


Book Description

In World History as the History of Foundations, 3000 BCE to 1500 CE, Michael Borgolte investigates the origins and development of foundations from Antiquity to the end of the Middle Ages. In his survey foundations emerge not as mere legal institutions, but rather as “total social phenomena” which touch upon manifold aspects, including politics, the economy, art and religion of the cultures in which they emerged. Cross-cultural in its approach and the result of decades of research, this work represents by far the most comprehensive account of the history of foundations that has hitherto been published.




Political Secularism, Religion, and the State


Book Description

This book examines how the competition between religious and secular forces influenced state religion policy between 1990 and 2008. While both sides were active, the religious side had considerably more success. The book examines how states supported religion as well as how they restricted it.




The Correlates of Religion and State


Book Description

This comprehensive volume examines the nature, causes, and consequences of state religion policy in 183 countries between 1990 and 2014. Each contribution uses round 3 of the Religion and State dataset which includes information on 117 distinct state religion policies. Secular and religious forces in society and government compete in order to influence state religion policy in a vibrant religious economy. While governments are more involved in religion in 2014 than they were in 1990, most states both added and dropped religion policies during this period. This is important because these policies impact on a number of important political, social, and economic phenomena. In this collection the authors examine the impact of state religion policies on interstate militarized disputes, violent domestic conflict, terrorism, and voting for political parties. They also examine some of the factors that influence state religion policy, including the attitudes of citizens toward religion and religious minorities, free and open elections, and having an independent judiciary. This book was originally published as a special issue of the journal Religion, State & Society.




Teaching Without Indoctrination: Implications for Values Education


Book Description

“This book presents a comprehensive, well-structured and enlightening survey of the problem of indoctrination as manifested in scientific, moral, religious and social fields within the context of an intellectual milieu that prides itself in being liberal and democratic. In the craft of intellectual midwifery which she masters, Professor Tan has but one prescription: constant reflection, but not of the solipsistic or sterile kind. Rather, she advocates fearless questioning within the bounds of a community of learning, which is what schools should ideally be, wherein we all recognise ourselves to be at once students and teachers.” - Professor Alejo José G. Sison, Rafael Escolà Chair of Professional Ethics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain




Why Do People Discriminate Against Jews?


Book Description

Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Patterns of discrimination -- Chapter 3: Religious anti-semitism -- Chapter 4: Anti-Zionism and anti-Israel behavior and sentiment -- Chapter 5: Conspiracy theories -- Chapter 6: The British example -- Chapter 7: Conclusions -- Appendix A: Multivariate analyses and technical details.




What is Religion?


Book Description

Religious belief is one of the most pervasive and ubiquitous characteristics of human society. Religion has shadowed and illuminated human lives since primitive times, shaping the world views of cultures from isolated tribes to vast empires. Starting from the premise that religion is a concept which can be analysed and compared across time and cultures, What is Religion? brings the most up-to-date scholarship to bear on humankind’s most enduring creation. The book opens with a brief history of the idea of religion, then divides the study of religion into four essential topics - types, representations, practices, and institutions – and concludes with a final, eye-opening chapter on religion today. Packed with case studies from a wide range of religions, past and present, What is Religion? offers a very current, comprehensive, yet intellectually challenging overview of the history, theories, practices, and study of religion. Accessible, wide-ranging, engaging, and short, What is Religion? is written primarily for undergraduate students in the study of religion, but it will also be invaluable for students of anthropology, history, psychology, sociology, and theology as well as anyone interested in how and why humans came and continue to be religious.