Refrigeration units in marine vessels


Book Description

Fishing vessels can be equipped with energy efficient refrigeration technology applying natural working fluids. Ammonia refrigeration systems have been the first choice, but CO2 units have also become increasingly common in the maritime sector in the last few years. When retrofitting or implementing CO2 refrigeration plants, less space on board is required and such units allow good service and maintenance. Nowadays, cruise ship owners prefer CO2 units for the provision refrigeration plants.Ship owners, responsible for the health and safety of the crew and passengers, must carefully evaluate the usage of flammable low GWP working fluids, due to a high risk that toxic decomposition products are formed, even without the presence of an open flame. Suggestions for further work include a Nordic Technology Hub for global marine refrigeration R&D and development support for key components.







Marine Refrigeration


Book Description




Condition Monitoring for Marine Refrigeration Plants


Book Description

Over the last decades the reliability, availability and safety of plants has become increasingly important for a number of reasons. One of the reasons is the increasing size and complexity of the plants, both onshore and offshore. The cost and safety risks have increased with the size, and the complexity has led to extensive automation. The human operator is not able to control the entire plant, nor able to assess its running condition, without the aid of this automation. However, the amount of data available to the operators is enormous. Many parameters, variables and alarms are available simultaneously for evaluation. Hence the need for automated evaluation of the data, or enhanced condition monitoring (sometimes incorrectly referred to as 'intelligent' condition monitoring). In 1992 the ICMOS (Intelligent Condition Monitoring Systems) research project was well underway for diesel engines used for propulsion and power generation onboard ships. Trying to extend this research and find other application for the results and experience led to research on condition monitoring for compression refrigeration plant, as these plants are often used and also often not well understood by the marine engineer. The initial, and necessarily very general, research assignment for this project was to generate knowledge required for the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of compression refrigeration systems on board ships.










Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration


Book Description

* A broad range of disciplines--energy conservation and air quality issues, construction and design, and the manufacture of temperature-sensitive products and materials--is covered in this comprehensive handbook * Provide essential, up-to-date HVAC data, codes, standards, and guidelines, all conveniently located in one volume * A definitive reference source on the design, selection and operation of A/C and refrigeration systems




Refrigeration Systems and Applications


Book Description

The definitive text/reference for students, researchers and practicing engineers This book provides comprehensive coverage on refrigeration systems and applications, ranging from the fundamental principles of thermodynamics to food cooling applications for a wide range of sectoral utilizations. Energy and exergy analyses as well as performance assessments through energy and exergy efficiencies and energetic and exergetic coefficients of performance are explored, and numerous analysis techniques, models, correlations and procedures are introduced with examples and case studies. There are specific sections allocated to environmental impact assessment and sustainable development studies. Also featured are discussions of important recent developments in the field, including those stemming from the author’s pioneering research. Refrigeration is a uniquely positioned multi-disciplinary field encompassing mechanical, chemical, industrial and food engineering, as well as chemistry. Its wide-ranging applications mean that the industry plays a key role in national and international economies. And it continues to be an area of active research, much of it focusing on making the technology as environmentally friendly and sustainable as possible without compromising cost efficiency and effectiveness. This substantially updated and revised edition of the classic text/reference now features two new chapters devoted to renewable-energy-based integrated refrigeration systems and environmental impact/sustainability assessment. All examples and chapter-end problems have been updated as have conversion factors and the thermophysical properties of an array of materials. Provides a solid foundation in the fundamental principles and the practical applications of refrigeration technologies Examines fundamental aspects of thermodynamics, refrigerants, as well as energy and exergy analyses and energy and exergy based performance assessment criteria and approaches Introduces environmental impact assessment methods and sustainability evaluation of refrigeration systems and applications Covers basic and advanced (and hence integrated) refrigeration cycles and systems, as well as a range of novel applications Discusses crucial industrial, technical and operational problems, as well as new performance improvement techniques and tools for better design and analysis Features clear explanations, numerous chapter-end problems and worked-out examples Refrigeration Systems and Applications, Third Edition is an indispensable working resource for researchers and practitioners in the areas of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. It is also an ideal textbook for graduate and senior undergraduate students in mechanical, chemical, biochemical, industrial and food engineering disciplines.




Refrigerant Management


Book Description

This new text prepares HVAC students and technicians for EPA certification in the handling and disposal of chlorofluorcarbons (CFCs), providing information on all areas of certification, including the four licensing areas for stationary air conditioning and refrigeration equipment and automotive equipment. Table of Contents: Basic Theory of Ozone Depletion CFCs: Their Problems and Alternatives Refrigerant Regulations Refrigerant Conservation Refrigerant Recovery, Recycle and Reclaim Methods of Refrigerant Recovery and Recycling Commercial Stationary Air Conditioning and Refrigerant Systems Residential Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning Service Refrigerant Recovery and Recycling Systems