The Welfare Economics of Renewable Electricity Policies in California


Book Description

With one of the most complicated and ambitious renewable energy policies in the country, California's wholesale electricity market is severely understudied in terms of the interaction effects between different policies. We focus on two key policy measures: production and investment tax benefits received by renewable electricity producers, and the blend mandate, Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS). The impact of each policy set on market distortions and GHG emissions and their interactions are analyzed. We simulate alternative policy scenarios in the market using a partial equilibrium model, and see how changing each policy affects the equilibrium prices and quantities. Furthermore, using standard welfare measures, we compute the welfare gains and losses of the scenarios and show how different groups are affected by them. We find that the existence of both policies are mutually detrimental relative to having a sole policy of either a blend mandate or a renewable production subsidy, as the mandate exacerbates the negative effect a subsidy has on the market and the subsidy mitigates the positive effect blend mandate has on reducing GHG emissions. Total social welfare declines with either the observed blend mandate alone or production subsidies alone, but the reductions accelerate when the two policies are combined. We conclude that having RPS by itself is best if our policy goal is to decrease GHG emissions to an efficient level, and that pricing carbon is best if our policy goal is to maximize social welfare in reducing GHG emissions, regardless of the amount.




Economics of Renewable Electricity


Book Description

This thesis describes the comparative analysis conducted to understand the similarities and differences between the California and Texas electricity markets from a regulatory standpoint. Each market has adopted unique policies to kickstart its green energy transition. While both regions have seen a predominant renewable penetration, they have also started to experience hurdles in their grid operations due to the inherent intermittent nature of renewables. The comparative analysis was carried out through a flexibility model to reflect the uncertainty that exists in each market over time. The development of renewable electricity markets are highly dynamic in nature, so the period under analysis for the investment at hand was separated into three phases to reflect the effects renewable penetration has on the grid and to show how those effects have been and could be handled by the Texas and California grid operators. The comparison provides a recommendation for investors trying to deploy capital into a 50 MW solar PV, renewable asset, under development with a 30-year useful life segregated into each phase. The critical metric for steering that recommendation is based on the net present values of the cashflows from the projects in each location. These cashflows directly reflect the policies in each market, given the power price evolution. The economics behind renewables operating in electricity markets follow three distinct phases. At first, renewables expect high margins from high market prices, followed by a decrease in power prices from their penetration. In the final phase, their intermittent nature creates a need for new capacity. Therefore, the long-term value of investments is risky and requires careful analysis that reflects the highly dynamic and uncertain nature of power markets.







Renewable Electricity Benefits Quantification Methodology


Book Description

The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) requested assistance in identifying methodological alternatives for quantifying the benefits of renewable electricity. The context is the CPUC's analysis of a 33% renewable portfolio standard (RPS) in California--one element of California's Climate Change Scoping Plan. The information would be used to support development of an analytic plan to augment the cost analysis of this RPS (which recently was completed). NREL has responded to this request by developing a high-level survey of renewable electricity effects, quantification alternatives, and considerations for selection of analytic methods. This report addresses economic effects and health and environmental effects, and provides an overview of related analytic tools. Economic effects include jobs, earnings, gross state product, and electricity rate and fuel price hedging. Health and environmental effects include air quality and related public-health effects, solid and hazardous wastes, and effects on water resources.




The Economics of Renewable Energy


Book Description

This major reference work brings together for the first time key articles on the economics of renewable energy. From a modest role as a backstop technology in the 1970s to a central role in low carbon transitions today, this collection reveals the emergence and growing importance of this sub-field of economics. Topics covered in this timely volume include the costs of renewable power (taking account of issues related to technological development, intermittency and interconnection), policies that promote renewable energy development, its public and private demand, and its impact on the environment and the economy. This indispensable collection is complemented by a comprehensive introduction that will serve as an essential source of reference for students and researchers.




Economics of Electricity


Book Description

Explains the economics of electricity at each step of the supply chain: production, transportation and distribution, and retail.




Global Renewables Outlook: Energy Transformation 2050


Book Description

This outlook highlights climate-safe investment options until 2050, policies for transition and specific regional challenges. It also explores options to eventually cut emissions to zero.




False Alarm


Book Description

An “essential” (Times UK) and “meticulously researched” (Forbes) book by “the skeptical environmentalist” argues that panic over climate change is causing more harm than good Hurricanes batter our coasts. Wildfires rage across the American West. Glaciers collapse in the Artic. Politicians, activists, and the media espouse a common message: climate change is destroying the planet, and we must take drastic action immediately to stop it. Children panic about their future, and adults wonder if it is even ethical to bring new life into the world. Enough, argues bestselling author Bjorn Lomborg. Climate change is real, but it's not the apocalyptic threat that we've been told it is. Projections of Earth's imminent demise are based on bad science and even worse economics. In panic, world leaders have committed to wildly expensive but largely ineffective policies that hamper growth and crowd out more pressing investments in human capital, from immunization to education. False Alarm will convince you that everything you think about climate change is wrong -- and points the way toward making the world a vastly better, if slightly warmer, place for us all.




A Manual for the Economic Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technologies


Book Description

A Manual for the Economic Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technologies provides guidance on economic evaluation approaches, metrics, and levels of detail required, while offering a consistent basis on which analysts can perform analyses using standard assumptions and bases. It not only provides information on the primary economic measures used in economic analyses and the fundamentals of finance but also provides guidance focused on the special considerations required in the economic evaluation of energy efficiency and renewable energy systems.




The Welfare Economics of Public Policy


Book Description

The Welfare Economics of Public Policy is a great book that should be of interest to all economists interested in applied welfare analysis. It is a good reference book for economists studying the effects of public policy. Finally, it should be a useful textbook for students studying economic policy and applied welfare economics. Jean-Paul Chavas, American Journal of Agricultural Economics . . . a very comprehensive overview of the state of the art in welfare economics. It can be used as a teaching book for advanced students as well as a reference volume for researchers. This duality of possible uses is supported by the fact that very complex issues are presented in an easily readable manner. More technical aspects are then outlined in the appendices of the relevant chapters, offering colleagues the option to study formal considerations in more detail. . . a welcome addition to and expression of the knowledge base of agricultural economics. Stefan Mann, Journal of Agricultural Economics I am absolutely delighted that the authors have revised and republished this text. I have used the previous version for years in my graduate environmental economics course; usually I had to share the one copy I have with students and I felt it was a shame that these students did not have the opportunity to purchase the book since every serious environmental economist should have this volume on their shelf. It has been a continuous reference volume for me over the years and I am sure this is true of many others in the discipline. In the field of applied welfare analysis (spanning environmental economics, international trade, agricultural policy, etc.) there is no need for further elaboration when Just, Hueth and Schmitz is referenced. Everyone knows the book that is being referred to: the bible of applied welfare economics. Catherine Kling, Iowa State University, US For the record, I am one of the people who requested that the authors revise and re-issue their textbook. It is an extremely valuable book for applied economists; as with the previous edition, I will use it extensively in two of my courses and consult it frequently in my own research endeavors. Richard Adams, Oregon State University, US The original book is very well known in our profession and is still used in many classes. It will be wonderful to have a revised edition of this classic book. Colin Carter, University of California, Davis, US This outstanding text, a follow-up to the authors award-winning 1982 text, provides a thorough treatment of economic welfare theory and develops a complete theoretical and empirical framework for applied project and policy evaluation. The authors illustrate how this theory can be used to develop policy analysis from both theory and estimation in a variety of areas including: international trade, the economics of technological change, agricultural economics, the economics of information, environmental economics, and the economics of extractive and renewable natural resources. Building on willingness-to-pay (WTP) measures as the foundation for applied welfare economics, the authors develop measures for firms and households where households are viewed as both consumers and owner/sellers of resources. Possibilities are presented for (1) approximating WTP with consumer surplus, (2) measuring WTP exactly subject to errors in existing econometric work, and (3) using duality theory to specify econometric equations consistent with theory. Later chapters cover specific areas of welfare measurement under imperfect competition, uncertainty, incomplete information, externalities, and dynamic considerations. Applications are considered explicitly for policy issues related to information, international trade, the environment, agriculture, and other natural resource issues. The Welfare Economics of Public Policy is ideal for graduate and undergraduate courses in applied welfare economics, public policy, agricultural policy, and environmental economi