Thermodynamic Modeling of Geologic Materials


Book Description

Volume 17 of Reviews in Mineralogy is based on a short course, entitled "Thermodynamic Modeling of Geological Materials: Minerals, Fluids amd Melts," October 22-25, 1987, at the Wickenburg Inn near Phoenix, Arizona. Contents: Thermodynamic Analysis of Phase Equilibria in Simple Mineral Systems Models of Crystalline solutions Thermodynamics of Multicomponent Systems Containing Several Solid Solutions Thermodynamic Model for Aqueous Solutions of Liquid-like Density Models of Mineral Solubility in Concentrated Brines with Application to Field Observations Calculation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Species and the Solubilities of Minerals in Supercritical Electrolyte Solutions Igneous Fluids Ore Fluids: Magmatic to Supergene Thermodynamic Models of Molecular Fluids at the Elevated Pressures and Temperatures of Crustal Metamorphism Mineral Solubilities and Speciation in Supercritical Metamorphic Fluids Development of Models for Multicomponent Melts: Analysis of Synthetic Systems Modeling Magmatic Systems: Thermodynamic Relations Modeling Magmatic Systems: Petrologic Applications




Chemical Thermodynamics of Materials


Book Description

A comprehensive introduction, examining both macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the subject, the book applies the theory of thermodynamics to a broad range of materials; from metals, ceramics and other inorganic materials to geological materials. Focusing on materials rather than the underlying mathematical concepts of the subject, this book will be ideal for the non-specialist requiring an introduction to the energetics and stability of materials. Macroscopic thermodynamic properties are linked to the underlying miscroscopic nature of the materials and trends in important properties are discussed. A unique approach covering both macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the subject Authors have worldwide reputations in this area Fills a gap in the market by featuring a wide range of real up-to-date examples and covering a large amount of materials




Thermodynamic Data


Book Description

With the rapid development of fast processors, the power of a mini-super computer now exists in a lap-top box. Quite sophisticated techniques are be coming accessible to geoscientists, thus making disciplinary boundaries fade. Chemists and physicists are no longer shying away from computational mineral ogical and material science problems "too complicated to handle." Geoscientists are willing to delve into quantitative physico-chemical methods and open those "black boxes" they had shunned for several decades but with which had learned to live. I am proud to present yet another volume in this series which is designed to break the disciplinary boundaries and bring the geoscientists closer to their chemist and physicist colleagues in achieving a common goal. This volume is the result of an international collaboration among many physical geochemists (chemists, physicists, and geologists) aiming to understand the nature of material. The book has one common theme: namely, how to determine quantitatively through theory the physico-chemical parameters of the state of a solid or fluid.




Thermodynamics in Geochemistry


Book Description

This textbook and reference outlines the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, emphasizing applications in geochemistry. The work is distinguished by its comprehensive, balanced coverage and its rigorous presentation. The authors bring years of teaching experience to the work, and have attempted to particularly address those areas where other texts on the subject have provided inadequate coverage. A thorough review of the necessary mathematics is presented early on, both as a refresher for those with a background in university calculus, and for the benefit of those coming to the subject for the first time. The text is written for students in advanced undergraduate or graduate-level geochemistry as well as for all researchers in this field.




Thermodynamics of the Earth and Planets


Book Description

This textbook provides an intuitive yet mathematically rigorous introduction to the thermodynamics and thermal physics of planetary processes. It demonstrates how the workings of planetary bodies can be understood in depth by reducing them to fundamental physics and chemistry. The book is based on two courses taught by the author for many years at the University of Georgia. It includes 'Guided Exercise' boxes; end-of-chapter problems (worked solutions provided online); and software boxes (Maple code provided online). As well as being an ideal textbook on planetary thermodynamics for advanced students in the Earth and planetary sciences, it also provides an innovative and quantitative complement to more traditional courses in geological thermodynamics, petrology, chemical oceanography and planetary science. In addition to its use as a textbook, it is also of great interest to researchers looking for a 'one stop' source of concepts and techniques that they can apply to their research problems.




Phase Diagrams for Geoscientists


Book Description

The book summarizes the results of the experimental studies of phase relations in the chemical systems relevant to Earth, carried out by the author in a time period of over 20 years between 1979 and 2001. It is based on 1000 piston-cylinder experiments at pressures up to 4 GPa, and close to 700 experiments carried out with a multi-anvil apparatus at pressures up to 24 GPA. This is the largest published collection of calculated phase diagrams for the chemical systems relevant to Earth. This is also the first time that the phase relations at the relatively low pressures of the lithospheric mantle, mainly applicable to the experimental thermobarometry of metamorphic rocks and mantle xenoliths, are seamlessly integrated with the phase relations of the sublithospheric upper mantle and the uppermost lower mantle, primarily applicable to inclusions in diamond and schocked meteorites. "Tibor Gasparik has devoted his career to determining the high-pressure, high-temperature phase relations of the geologically important Sodium-Calcium-Magnesium-Aluminium-Silicon (NCMAS) oxide system. This book is his opus magnum, summarizing more than 1700 experiments in over 120 figures. ... I have found Phase Diagrams for Geoscientists to be a useful first port-of-call for finding the P-T stability fields ... and I can recommend the book as a reference for geoscientists requiring an overview of the stable phase assemblages in the top 700 km of the Earth." (David Dobson, Geological Magazine, Vol. 142 (2), 2005)




Medical Geochemistry


Book Description

This book includes a collection of chapters illustrating the application of geochemical methods to investigate the interactions between geological materials and fluids with humans. Examples include the incorporation and human health effects of inhaling lithogenic materials, the reactivity of biological fluids with geological materials, and the impact on nascent biomineral formation. Biomineralization is investigated in terms of mineralogy, morphology, bone chemistry, and pathological significance with a focus on the health impacts of "foreign" geological/environmental trace element incorporation. One of the contribution is devoted to particulate matter, the presence of metals and metalloids in the environment, and the possibility of using human hair as a biomarker between environmental/geological exposure and human bioincorporation. Other chapters focus on the last advances on the analytical methods and instrumentational approaches to investigating the chemistry of biological fluids and tissues.




Aquatic Chemistry


Book Description

The authoritative introduction to natural water chemistry THIRD EDITION Now in its updated and expanded Third Edition, Aquatic Chemistry remains the classic resource on the essential concepts of natural water chemistry. Designed for both self-study and classroom use, this book builds a solid foundation in the general principles of natural water chemistry and then proceeds to a thorough treatment of more advanced topics. Key principles are illustrated with a wide range of quantitative models, examples, and problem-solving methods. Major subjects covered include: Chemical Thermodynamics Solid-Solution Interface and Kinetics Trace Metals Acids and Bases Kinetics of Redox Processes Dissolved Carbon Dioxide Photochemical Processes Atmosphere-Water Interactions Kinetics at the Solid-Water Metal Ions in Aqueous Solution Interface Precipitation and Dissolution Particle-Particle Interaction Oxidation and Reduction Regulation of the Chemical Equilibria and Microbial Mediation Composition of Natural Waters




Contact Metamorphism


Book Description

Volume 26 of Reviews in Mineralogy provides a multidisciplinary review of our current knowledge of contact metamorphism. As in any field of endeavor, we are provided with new questions, thereby dictating future directions of study. Hopefully, this volume will provide inspiration and direction for future research on contact metamorphism. The Mineralogical Society of America sponsored the short course on Contact Metamorphism, October 17-19, 1991, at the Pala Mesa Resort, Fallbrook, California, prior to its annual meeting with the Geological Society of America.




Modern Methods of Igneous Petrology


Book Description

Volume 24 of Reviews in Mineralogy attempted to bring together the basic data and fundamental theoretical constraints on magmatic processes with applications to specific problems in igneous petrology. The Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) sponsored the short course on "Modern Methods of Igneous Petrolgy: Understanding Magmatic Processes" at the Cathedral Hill Hotel in San Francisco, California in December 1990. It was organized by the editors, Jim Nicholls and Kelly Russell, and presented by the authors of this volume to about 80 participants in conjunction with the Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union.