Tobacco Control Policy Analysis in China


Book Description

This is the first book that analyzes tobacco control policies in China from the perspectives of economics and health. For readers interested in the economic aspects of tobacco control policy issues not only in China but also in other developing countries, this book provides a comprehensive analytical and empirical framework addressing key debated issues. This book covers a range of interesting topics from the prevalence of smoking in China, health and economic burden of smoking in China, demand for cigarettes and taxation in China, the role of tobacco on farming, the tobacco industry and the World Trade Organization, poverty and smoking in China, to future challenges of tobacco control for the Chinese government. Sample Chapter(s). Foreword (78 KB). Chapter 1: Introduction (91 KB). Contents: Tobacco Use and its Consequences: Prevalence of Smoking in China (G-H Yang); Tobacco Control Programs in China (A H Lee & Y Jiang); Chinese Physicians: Smoking Behavior, and their Smoking Cessation Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice (M Ong et al.); Disease Burden from Smoking and Passive Smoking in China (Q Gan et al.); Economic Burden of Smoking in China (H-Y Sung et al.); Demand for Cigarettes and Household Expenditures Analysis: The Demand for Cigarettes in China (Z-Z Mao et al.); Smoking, Standard of Living, and Poverty in China (T-W Hu et al.); Cigarette Smoking and Poverty in China (Y-L Liu et al.); Supply of Tobacco: The Role of Government in Tobacco Leaf Production in China: National and Local Interventions (T-W Hu et al.); China''s Tobacco Industry and the World Trade Organization (E Tong et al.); Cigarette Taxation: Effects of Cigarette Tax on Cigarette Consumption and the Chinese Economy (T-W Hu & Z-Z Mao); Cigarette Taxation in China: Lessons from International Experiences (T-W Hu); Earmarked Tobacco Taxes: The US Experience (T-W Hu et al.); Policy Directions: China at the Crossroads: The Economics of Tobacco and Health (T-W Hu et al.). Readership: Academics in public health, health economics, Chinese economy and professionals in the tobacco industry.




Economics Of Tobacco Control In China: From Policy Research To Practice


Book Description

Nearly 370 million people in China smoke; about one-third of all smokers in the world are in China; and about 1.2 million deaths in China are attributable to smoking. The death toll is expected to reach 2.2 million in 2030 if no smoking intervention programs are implemented. Taxation on tobacco products is one of the most effective tobacco control programs. This book addresses not only why China should raise cigarette tax, but also how to raise the tobacco tax, by providing decision makers with relevant research findings and quantitative estimate about the impact of raising the tobacco tax. It documents how these research findings were communicated to the Chinese government officials, and how, finally, tobacco tax was raised 10 years after China's ratification of the WHO Frame Work Convention on Tobacco Control Treaty.The purposes of this book are (1) to inform economists, public health professionals, and policymakers about the economic consequences of smoking, (2) to provide the essential economics (particularly related to taxation) and public health information upon which to build the specifics of the taxation policy that is adopted, (3) to identify barriers, challenges, and recommendations for the Chinese government, and (4) to describe how research findings can be disseminated and communicated successfully to Chinese government policy makers. It is a must read for researchers who are interested in China's tobacco control efforts and in how to communicating their findings to the policy makers. It could also be useful for tobacco control professionals, researchers and policy makers in other countries.




Economic Analysis of Tobacco and Options for Tobacco Control


Book Description

China has a very high prevalence rate of cigarette smoking. According to a 1996 Chinese national survey, 63% of adult males (age 15 and over) and 3.8% of adult females were current smokers (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, 1997). These prevalence rates indicate that there are over 320 million cigarette smokers in China, which accounts for nearly one-third of the smokers in the world (Collishaw, 1998). Moreover, it has been estimated that there are 460 million second hand smokers in China (Zhu, 1996). In other words, more than two-thirds of the Chinese population in the country face health hazards that can be attributed to smoking. Given the size of its smoking population, China consumes more cigarettes than any other country in the world. It also produces more cigarettes than any other country. In 1997, China produced 33.67 million cases or 84.18 billion packs (one case consists of 2,500 packs) of cigarettes and used 1.31 million hectares for tobacco production (China Statistics Bureau, 1998). It is well known in developed countries that cigarette smoking has major hazardous health consequences. In past decades, many developed countries have adopted various tobacco control policies to reduce cigarette consumption. As a result, per capita cigarette consumption in developed countries has been declining. On the other hand, among developing countries such as China, the negative health consequences of smoking are less well known. For instance, in the 1996 Chinese national survey, 61% of those questioned responded that cigarette consumption posed no harm to their health (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, 1997). Many government officials in the Ministry of Health and public health professionals in China have recognized the importance of tobacco control, and have made a substantial effort to discourage cigarette consumption through a public health campaign. However, they have been unable to convince the State Development and Planning Commission and the Ministries of Finance, Economics and Trade and Agriculture to support tax increases as a means to control tobacco.




Tobacco Control in China


Book Description

This book comprehensively covers the science and policy issues relevant to one of the major public health issues in China. It pulls together the prevalence pattern of tobacco use in different population and burden of the myriad of tobacco-related diseases. The book pays more attention to review the successes and failures of tobacco control policies in China, including the protect peoples from second-hand smoke, comprehensive banning tobacco advertisement promotion and sponsor, regulation of the contents of tobacco products and low tar cigarettes, warn about the dangers of tobacco, support for smokers to quit, and increasing tobacco taxation and price, as well as monitor and assessment on tobacco use and implement of prevention policy under the international background of tobacco control. The book analyse and explain the influence factors, especially interference from tobacco industry with public management theory frame for promoting tobacco control policies and looks at lessons learnt to help set health policy for reducing the burden of tobacco-related diseases. It is a helpful reference for experts in public health and epidemiologists in tobacco control, advocators and policy maker.




Smoking Environments in China


Book Description

This book fills a major gap in research into smoking and tobacco control in China. In recent decades, few studies have explored the significance of geographical factors and the role they have played either in affecting the prevalence of smoking or in tobacco control responses to the smoking epidemic in China. In light of this, the book investigates the importance of national, regional and local environmental factors affecting smoking in China. It shows how geographical, social and institutional contexts have influenced the implementation and success of tobacco control initiatives, and situates smoking trends in China in a broader global context. The authors synthesize Chinese and western research on the smoking epidemic and uniquely focus on the importance of environmental factors and Chinese cultural perspectives in understanding smoking behaviour and the ineffectiveness of many tobacco control initiatives, especially how these conflict with Chinese economic policy. The book is aimed at academic and policy audiences both internationally and inside China, and will be of interest to a wide audience, not only geographers, but also epidemiologists, sociologists and others working in public health.




Tobacco Control Policy Analysis In China: Economics And Health


Book Description

This is the first book that analyzes tobacco control policies in China from the perspectives of economics and health. For readers interested in the economic aspects of tobacco control policy issues not only in China but also in other developing countries, this book provides a comprehensive analytical and empirical framework addressing key debated issues.This book covers a range of interesting topics from the prevalence of smoking in China, health and economic burden of smoking in China, demand for cigarettes and taxation in China, the role of tobacco on farming, the tobacco industry and the World Trade Organization, poverty and smoking in China, to future challenges of tobacco control for the Chinese government.




Curbing the Epidemic


Book Description

Annotation. Addresses important economic and social issues confronting policymakers when dealing with the issue of tobacco control and its impact on the social and economic resources of both developed and developing countries.




Tobacco Control in Developing Countries


Book Description

There is no doubt that smoking is damaging global health on an unprecedented scale. However, there is continuing debate on the economics of tobacco control, including the costs and consequences of tobacco control policies. This book aims to fill the analytic gap around this debate This book brings together a set of critical reviews of the current status of knowledge on tobacco control. While the focus is on the needs of low-income and middle- income countries, the analyses are relevant globally. The book examines tobacco use and its consequences including new analyses of welfare issues in tobacco consumption, poverty and tobacco, and the rationale for government involvement. It provides an evidence-based review of policies to reduce demand including taxation, information, and regulation. It critically reviews supply-side issues such as trade and industry and farming issues, including new analyses on smuggling. It also discusses the impact of tobacco control programs on economies, including issues such as employment, tax revenue and welfare losses. It provides new evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of control interventions. Finally, it outlines broad areas for national and international action, including future research directions. A statistical annex will contain information on where the reader can find data on tobacco consumption, prices, trade, employment and other items. The book is directed at academic economists and epidemiologists as well as technical staff within governments and international agencies. Students of economics, epidemiology and public policy will find this an excellent comprehensive introduction to economics of tobacco control.




Global Efforts to Combat Smoking


Book Description

Tobacco is reported to be the second major cause of death in the world and there is ever-increasing interest in the costs of smoking, especially in the light of evidence of the health effects of second-hand smoke. This book brings together the findings of economists on the effectiveness of price and non-price policy initiatives to combat smoking and draws conclusions regarding the efficacy of the various policy measures. The authors evaluate the relative effectiveness of price-based smoking control policies (i.e. tax) in relation to non-price strategies (including advertising restrictions, sales restrictions, territorial restrictions and health warnings). They review evidence not only from the US but also from around the world, drawing important conclusions for developing countries where smoking is on the rise. The book will be essential reading for policy makers, health practitioners and researchers in health economics.




Tobacco Control Policy in the Netherlands


Book Description

Governments have known since the 1960s that smoking results in irreversible health damage. This open access book examines why governments have done so little to combat this when they have been aware of the problem and its solutions for decades. What are the strategies and decisions that make a difference, given that policy environments are often not conducive to change? Taking the Netherlands as an example, this book helps to understand the complex policy process at the national level and why it so often appears irrational to us. It is the most sophisticated analysis of tobacco control policy to date, applying insights from political sciences to the field of tobacco control.