Toxicity and Other Hazards of Beryllium and Rocket Propellants
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 12 pages
File Size : 15,23 MB
Release : 1959
Category : Beryllium
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Author :
Publisher :
Page : 12 pages
File Size : 15,23 MB
Release : 1959
Category : Beryllium
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Author :
Publisher :
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 12,31 MB
Release : 1960
Category : Beryllium
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Author : J. Cholak
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Page : pages
File Size : 38,40 MB
Release : 1964
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Author : United States. Chemical Propulsion Information Agency
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Page : 108 pages
File Size : 29,7 MB
Release : 1973
Category : Propellants
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Author : United States. General Accounting Office
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Page : 32 pages
File Size : 14,92 MB
Release : 2000
Category : Beryllium
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Author : F. G. Gorman
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Page : 49 pages
File Size : 26,50 MB
Release : 1969
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Action by government agencies which have been taken pertaining to curtailment of open-air test firings of high-performance solid rocket motors utilizing beryllium (Be) powder as a fuel are summarized. More recent analytical and biological test data indicate that exhaust products from Be motors are essentially insoluble and hence present little health hazards so that safety can be assured by adherence to reasonable control standards. A critical review of existing restrictive measures is recommended in light of present toxicological information. (Author).
Author : Howard C. Spencer
Publisher :
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 25,6 MB
Release : 1968
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Results of long-term studies on rats and rabbits, injected intratracheally with well-characterized key samples of beryllium oxide prepared by calcining beryllium hydroxide for 10 hours at 500, 1100 and 1600 C, respectively, show clearly that there is a definite gradation in biological response depending upon the oxide administered. Thus, the oxide calcined at 500 C was highly active as judged by histopathological examination of the lungs, incidence of tumors, and translocation of beryllium from the lungs to other tissues. In contrast, the oxide calcined at 1600 C showed only minimal effects. Dose-response studies were carried out, using carefully prepared subsamples of 'respirable particle size' (1 to 5 microns) of the three key oxides; results showed a definite gradation in response which diminishes with decreasing dosages of the administered oxide. Investigations on motor exhaust products show that some samples have chemical, physical, and toxicological properties similar to the beryllium oxide calcined at 1600 C. On the other hand, other samples are heterogeneous, contain considerable quantities of water-soluble beryllium, and vary in toxicity. The mechanism of toxic action of beryllium oxide was investigated through study of chemical and physical properties, solubility and adsorption studies, serum electrophoretic analyses, and immunological experiments. Suggestions are made for further studies. (Author).
Author : Robert M. Bruce
Publisher :
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 40,3 MB
Release : 2001
Category : Medical
ISBN :
In this volume are assessed the risks to human health and the environment of Beryllium, found in the earth's crust at an average concentration of approximately 2.8-5.0 mg/kg. Beryllium-containing minerals are processed to beryllium metal, beryllium alloys, and beryllium oxide for use in aerospace, weapons, nuclear and electronics industries. The general population is exposed to beryllium primarily in food and drinking-water, with smaller contributions from air and incidental ingestion of dust. There are no human studies addressing the toxicokinetics of beryllium or beryllium compounds; however, beryllium has been found in the lungs and urine of non-occupationally exposed individuals. There are no reliable data on the oral toxicity of beryllium in humans. The lungs are the primary target of inhalation exposure to beryllium in animals and humans. Short-term or repeated exposures of humans to beryllium or its compounds can result in an acute or chronic form of lung disease. Increases in lung cancer mortality were observed in cohort mortality studies of beryllium processing workers.
Author : United States. Dept. of Commerce. Office of Technical Services
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Page : 600 pages
File Size : 10,91 MB
Release :
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Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 18,2 MB
Release : 2008-10-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309125324
Beryllium is a lightweight metal that is used for its exceptional strength and high heat-absorbing capability. Beryllium and its alloys can be found in many important technologies in the defense and aeronautics industries, such as nuclear devices, satellite systems, radar systems, and aircraft bushings and bearings. Pulmonary disease associated with exposure to beryllium has been recognized and studied since the early 1940s, and an occupational guideline for limiting exposure to beryllium has been in place since 1949. Over the last few decades, much has been learned about chronic beryllium disease and factors that contribute to its occurrence in exposed people. Despite reduced workplace exposure, chronic beryllium disease continues to occur. Those developments have led to debates about the adequacy of the long-standing occupational exposure limit for protecting worker health. This book, requested by the U.S. Air Force to help to determine the steps necessary to protect its workforce from the effects of beryllium used in military aerospace applications, reviews the scientific literature on beryllium and outlines an exposure and disease management program for its protecting workers.