Transition and Opportunity


Book Description

This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Multinational corporations (MNCs) have long played a crucial role in the Chinese economy. This role is one that is set to continue in the post-pandemic era as China works to transit to a high-quality growth model that is more sustainable and innovation-driven. With global experience and front-line involvement in some of the most pressing economic, technological, and environmental issues of our day, leading figures in MNCs and chambers of commerce are well placed to share insights that could potentially contribute to policymaking and development strategies so that everyone can “make the most” of China’s future. This collection of essay aims to share these invaluable insights with a wider audience, offering balanced and diverse perspectives from companies and advocacy groups working on a range of issues related to China’s domestic development, international economic cooperation, and China-US competition. These insights are useful not only for the wider business community, but also for academics, policymakers, students, and anyone trying to deepen their understanding of this exciting period of “transition and opportunity,” and make the most of China’s bright future. .










Innovation and research strategy for growth


Book Description

The UK has the potential to be world leader in innovation. The strength of UK universities and the wider knowledge base is a national asset being the most productive in the G8. But the challenges are great. To succeed in the global innovation economy, the UK must strengthen its ability to accelerate the commercialization of emerging technologies, and to capture the value chains linked to these. We have already made clear our commitment by maintaining the annual £4.6 billion budget for science and research programmes, with £150 million each year support university-business interaction. The UK's universities are increasingly collaborating with each other and with external organization to develop and commercialise knowledge, last year securing over £3 billion from external sources. This paper outlines a series of measures to make it easier for individuals, businesses and the public sector to innovate alone or in partnership. As part of a package of support the Government is relaunching the popular Smart brand and will increase the funding to the Technology Strategy Board. Research Councils UK will establish a principles-based framework for the treatment and submission of multi-institutional funding bids. Also the Government will continue to look for other ways to encourage more relationships between universities and business and will work with NESTA to establish a price centre to run, design and facilitate new inducement prices. The Government has also commissioned independent groups of academics and publishers to review the availability of published research, and to develop action plans for making this freely available. It will also create an Open Data Institute to develop semantic web technologies.







Enterprising Empires


Book Description

Commercial competition between Britain and Russia became entangled during the eighteenth century in Iran, the Middle East, and China, and disputes emerged over control of the North Pacific. Focusing on the British Russia Company, Matthew P. Romaniello charts the ways in which the company navigated these commercial and diplomatic frontiers. He reveals how geopolitical developments affected trade far more than commercial regulations, while also challenging depictions of this period as a straightforward era of Russian economic decline. By looking at merchants' and diplomats' correspondence and the actions and experiences of men working in Eurasia for Russia and Britain, he demonstrates the importance of restoring human experiences in global processes and provides individual perspective on this game of empire. This approach reveals that economic fears, more than commodities exchanged, motivated actions across the geopolitical landscape of Europe during the Seven Years' War and the American and French Revolutions.







Importing Into the United States


Book Description

Explains process of importing goods into the U.S., including informed compliance, invoices, duty assessments, classification and value, marking requirements, etc.




UK Trade & Investment


Book Description

UK Trade & Investment (UKTI) is three years into its five-year strategy to deliver improved support to UK exporters, and it is close to meeting most of its performance targets. UKTI has extensive arrangements to obtain regular and systematic feedback on the quality of its services. Some 52 per cent of businesses receiving support reported that their performance improved as a result of receiving support, exceeding its 50 per cent target. Users are also asked to estimate the financial benefit arising as a result of its support, and a 2008 figure of £229,000, on average, per business is used by UKTI to calculate its reported benefit to cost ratio of 15:1. But the underlying survey data shows that 29 per cent of users either did not know, or declined to provide an estimate, 30 per cent forecast some financial benefit and 40 per cent forecast no financial benefit. The survey focuses on forecast impact rather than actual financial impact. UKTI has sought to improve efficiency by shifting resources to better performing markets and services. In the year to March 2008 expenditure on trade support fell by 4.5 per cent while the number of businesses supported rose by 35 per cent. UKTI does not have a full picture of the costs of providing the individual services. It is not in a position to gauge reliably the efficiency of its activities, the contribution of different parts of the organisation to these services, or the relative costs and benefits of the different services it provides. In 2008 UKTI established a model for cost assessment, but this is not yet sophisticated enough to demonstrate whether value for money is being optimised.




United Kingdom


Book Description

The paper addresses issues that arise in designing a framework for inflation targeting, with particular attention to features of the Bank of England's approach and experience. The comparison of welfare reform in the United Kingdom with similar efforts in other countries is discussed. The paper reviews the recent literature and empirical evidence on the main economic considerations influencing possible U.K. entry into the European Monetary Union (EMU). The U.K. labor market has undergone institutional and structural changes contributing to an increase in both aggregate and relative wage flexibility.