Traditions & Customs of the Sephardic Jews of Salonica


Book Description

"Traditions and Customs focuses on the rich cultural traditions and heritage of the largest Sephardic Jewish Community in the Balkans. These simple customs, though colorful and patriarchal, were the customs of the Sephardic Jews until the end of the nineteenth century. The coming of the Ottoman revolution and mainly the fire of 1917 U which destroyed most of the Jewish section and caused the Sephardic Jews of Salonica to be scattered throughout all the city U ended the old traditions which they had preserved with great fervor. At the moment almost nothing is left of that which before gave a special seal to the Jewish collectivity of Salonica ... Under the influence of assimilation, which advances very quickly, these customs are disappearing little by little. Michael Molho, 1940. The traditions, customs, rituals and beliefs, proverbs, ballads, songs and tales which author Michael Molho has preserved in these pages are conveyed with a genuine appreciation and passion for his culture, and will invoke in the eyes of its readers the ancient ties of the Sephardim to their Spanish and Iberian origins. Appearing for the first time in the English language, annotated and supplemented by 150 rare photographs and illustrations, Traditions and Customs of the Sephardic Jews of Saloncia depicts the colorful and picturesque life and Judeo-Spanish language of the Sephardic Jews in Salonica, as it existed for nearly five hundred years before its tragic destruction during the Holocaust."--Publisher's description.




Jewish Salonica


Book Description

Touted as the "Jerusalem of the Balkans," the Mediterranean port city of Salonica (Thessaloniki) was once home to the largest Sephardic Jewish community in the world. The collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the city's incorporation into Greece in 1912 provoked a major upheaval that compelled Salonica's Jews to reimagine their community and status as citizens of a nation-state. Jewish Salonica is the first book to tell the story of this tumultuous transition through the voices and perspectives of Salonican Jews as they forged a new place for themselves in Greek society. Devin E. Naar traveled the globe, from New York to Salonica, Jerusalem, and Moscow, to excavate archives once confiscated by the Nazis. Written in Ladino, Greek, French, and Hebrew, these archives, combined with local newspapers, reveal how Salonica's Jews fashioned a new hybrid identity as Hellenic Jews during a period marked by rising nationalism and economic crisis as well as unprecedented Jewish cultural and political vibrancy. Salonica's Jews—Zionists, assimilationists, and socialists—reinvigorated their connection to the city and claimed it as their own until the Holocaust. Through the case of Salonica's Jews, Naar recovers the diverse experiences of a lost religious, linguistic, and national minority at the crossroads of Europe and the Middle East.




A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica


Book Description

This book presents for the first time the complete text of the earliest known Ladino-language memoir, transliterated from the original script, translated into English, and introduced and explicated by the editors. The memoirist, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi (1820–1903), wrote about Ottoman Jews' daily life at a time when the finely wrought fabric of Ottoman society was just beginning to unravel. His vivid portrayal of life in Salonica, a major port in the Ottoman Levant with a majority Jewish population, thus provides a unique window into a way of life before it disappeared as a result of profound political and social changes and the World Wars. Sa'adi was a prominent journalist and publisher, one of the most significant creators of modern Sephardic print culture. He was also a rebel who accused the Jewish leadership of Salonica of being corrupt, abusive, and fanatical; that leadership, in turn, excommunicated him from the Jewish community. The experience of excommunication pervades Sa'adi's memoir, which documents a world that its author was himself actively involved in changing.




History of the Turkish Jews and Sephardim


Book Description

This book presents aliving history of the Turkish Jews. Author Elli Kohen attempts to combine the patience of the chronicler with the folksy humor of the storyteller, without undermining the presentation of the Sephardic Jews cultural history.




An Ode to Salonika


Book Description

Through the poetry of Bouena Sarfatty (1916-1997), An Ode to Salonika sketches the life and demise of the Sephardi Jewish community that once flourished in this Greek crossroads city. A resident of Salonika who survived the Holocaust as a partisan and later settled in Canada, Sarfatty preserved the traditions and memories of this diverse and thriving Sephardi community in some 500 Ladino poems known as coplas. The coplas also describe the traumas the community faced under German occupation before the Nazis deported its Jewish residents to Auschwitz. The coplas in Ladino and in Renée Levine Melammed's English translation are framed by chapters that trace the history of the Sephardi community in Salonika and provide context for the poems. This unique and moving source provides a rare entrée into a once vibrant world now lost.




Greece--a Jewish History


Book Description

K. E. Fleming's Greece--a Jewish History is the first comprehensive English-language history of Greek Jews, and the only history that includes material on their diaspora in Israel and the United States. The book tells the story of a people who for the most part no longer exist and whose identity is a paradox in that it wasn't fully formed until after most Greek Jews had emigrated or been deported and killed by the Nazis. For centuries, Jews lived in areas that are now part of Greece. But Greek Jews as a nationalized group existed in substantial number only for a few short decades--from the Balkan Wars (1912-13) until the Holocaust, in which more than 80 percent were killed. Greece--a Jewish History describes their diverse histories and the processes that worked to make them emerge as a Greek collective. It also follows Jews as they left Greece--as deportees to Auschwitz or émigrés to Palestine/Israel and New York's Lower East Side. In such foreign settings their Greekness was emphasized as it never was in Greece, where Orthodox Christianity traditionally defines national identity and anti-Semitism remains common.




The Holocaust in Thessaloniki


Book Description

The book narrates the last days of the once prominent Jewish community of Thessaloniki, the overwhelming majority of which was transported to the Nazi death camp of Auschwitz in 1943. Focusing on the Holocaust of the Jews of Thessaloniki, this book maps the reactions of the authorities, the Church and the civil society as events unfolded. In so doing, it seeks to answer the questions, did the Christian society of their hometown stand up to their defense and did they try to undermine or object to the Nazi orders? Utilizing new sources and interpretation schemes, this book will be a great contribution to the local efforts underway, seeking to reconcile Thessaloniki with its Jewish past and honour the victims of the Holocaust. The first study to examine why 95 percent of the Jews of Thessaloniki perished—one of the highest percentages in Europe—this book will appeal to students and scholars of the Holocaust, European History and Jewish Studies. Recipient of the 2021 Vashem Yad International Book Prize for Holocaust Research. "In view of the important contribution that this study makes to the understanding of the Holocaust in Thessaloniki in particular and, more broadly, in Greece, [...] the International Committee for the Yad Vashem Book Prize decided to award the 2021 prize to Dr. Leon Saltiel."




Last Century of a Sephardic Community


Book Description

Discusses the history of the final century of the Jewish community of Monastir (now Bitola) in Macedonia, which originated in the Ottoman Empire and ended its days under occupation by Nazi-allied Bulgaria. Ch. 9 (pp. 169-189), "The Holocaust", recounts the nazification of policies toward the Jews in Bulgarian-occupied Macedonia, where Nuremberg-like laws and ghettoization were introduced, followed by Aryanization of businesses and robbery by taxation. Registration of all Jewish adults in Bulgaria facilitated deportation which, due to protests by prominent Bulgarian non-Jews, was limited to stateless residents of Bulgarian-occupied territories. Almost all of Monastir's Jews were deported to Treblinka, where 3,276 of them were gassed. The small number who escaped deportation were spared as doctors or foreign nationals. Some Jews managed to flee and join partisan groups. Pp. 203-250 contain a list of names (with addresses, ages, and occupations) of the Jews from Monastir who were killed in Treblinka.




The Holocaust in Greece


Book Description

For the sizeable Jewish community living in Greece during the 1940s, German occupation of Greece posed a distinct threat. The Nazis and their collaborators murdered around ninety percent of the Jewish population through the course of the war. This new account presents cutting edge research on four elements of the Holocaust in Greece: the level of antisemitism and question of collaboration; the fate of Jewish property before, during, and after their deportation; how the few surviving Jews were treated following their return to Greece, especially in terms of justice and restitution; and the ways in which Jewish communities rebuilt themselves both in Greece and abroad. Taken together, these elements point to who was to blame for the disaster that befell Jewish communities in Greece, and show that the occupation authorities alone could not have carried out these actions to such magnitude without the active participation of Greek Christians.




Modern Ladino Culture


Book Description

Olga Borovaya explores the emergence and expansion of print culture in Ladino (Judeo-Spanish), the mother tongue of the Sephardic Jews of the Ottoman Empire, in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. She provides the first comprehensive study of the three major forms of Ladino literary production—the press, belles lettres, and theater—as a single cultural phenomenon. The product of meticulous research and innovative methodology, Modern Ladino Culture offers a new perspective on the history of the Ladino press, a novel approach to the study of belles lettres in Ladino and their relationship to their European sources, and a fine-grained critique of Sephardic plays as venues for moral education and politicization.