› › Understanding Autophagy A Lysosomal Degradation Pathway Essential For Survival Differentiation Development Homeostasis

Understanding “AUTOPHAGY”-A Lysosomal Degradation Pathway, essential for Survival, Differentiation, Development & Homeostasis.

Author : Dr. Hakim Saboowala

Publisher : Dr.Hakim Saboowala

Page : 70 pages

File Size : 28,45 MB

Release : 2020-08-02

Category : Medical

ISBN :

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Book Description

Understanding “AUTOPHAGY”-A Lysosomal Degradation Pathway, essential for Survival, Differentiation, Development & Homeostasis. Autophagy (from the Greek, “auto” oneself, “phagy” to eat) refers to any cellular degradative pathway that involves the delivery of cytoplasmic cargo to the lysosome. Thus, Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for: · Survival, · Differentiation, · Development, & · Homeostasis. Autophagy principally serves an adaptive role to protect organisms against diverse pathologies, including: infections, · Cancer, · Neurodegeneration, · Aging, & · Heart disease. It is rapidly upregulated when cells need to generate intracellular nutrients and energy, for example: · During starvation, · Growth factor withdrawal, or · High bioenergetic demands. However, in certain experimental disease settings, the self-cannibalistic or, paradoxically, even the pro-survival functions of autophagy may be deleterious. An attempt has been made in this Booklet to summarize recent advances in understanding the physiological functions of autophagy and its possible roles in the causation and prevention of human diseases, along with several relevant illustrations. …Dr. H. K. Saboowala. M.B.(Bom) .M.R.S.H.(London)



Autophagy in Stem Cell Maintenance and Differentiation

Author : Bhupendra V. Shravage

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 290 pages

File Size : 19,71 MB

Release : 2022-11-08

Category : Medical

ISBN : 3031173627

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Book Description

This book covers a wide range of topics that illustrate the various functions of autophagy in stem cells and offers insights on the mechanisms by which autophagy can regulate stem-cell self-renewal and facilitate specific differentiation programs. Stem cells are unique cells present in most multicellular animals and are essential for their survival. They have two unique properties: the ability to self-renew and the ability to differentiate into one or more cell types. These characteristics of stem cells have found immense therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. Autophagy is a crucial membrane trafficking pathway that is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis that involves sequestration of non-functional proteins, protein aggregates and damaged organelles in double-membraned vesicles called autophagosomes, which are subsequently targeted to the lysosome for degradation. The primary aim of this book is to provide knowledge of recent developments in our understanding of the role of autophagy in stem cells, including germline stem cells. Autophagy is considered a promising target for many diseases. Significant efforts are being developed to identify specific modulators of autophagy, which will aid in designing combinatorial therapeutic strategies that will allow significant improvements in regenerative medicine.



Autophagy in Health and Disease

Author : Beverly Rothermel

Publisher : Elsevier

Page : 454 pages

File Size : 45,83 MB

Release : 2021-09-23

Category : Health & Fitness

ISBN : 0128220031

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Book Description

Autophagy in Health and Disease, Second Edition provides a comprehensive overview of the process of autophagy and its impact on human physiology and pathophysiology. The book covers the history, trajectory of the research field, mechanisms of autophagy, and its regulation, developmental aspects, including stem cells, embryogenesis, hematopoiesis and paligenosis and focus on several systems, including Metabolic control and Diabetes, Cardiovascular, Nervous, Immune, Gastrointestinal, and Skeletal. The final chapters provide additional disease considerations, covering cancer, longevity, disease mechanisms, and the therapeutic targeting of autophagy. This book is invaluable to anyone looking for a broader understanding of autophagy outside their specific field



Autophagy and Cancer

Author : Hong-Gang Wang

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 267 pages

File Size : 41,85 MB

Release : 2013-03-30

Category : Medical

ISBN : 1461465613

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Book Description

With the explosion of information on autophagy in cancer, this is an opportune time to speed the efforts to translate our current knowledge about autophagy regulation into better understanding of its role in cancer. This book will cover the latest advances in this area from the basics, such as the molecular machinery for autophagy induction and regulation, up to the current areas of interest such as modulation of autophagy and drug discovery for cancer prevention and treatment. The text will include an explanation on how autophagy can function in both oncogenesis and tumor suppression and a description of its function in tumor development and tumor suppression through its roles in cell survival, cell death, cell growth as well as its influences on inflammation, immunity, DNA damage, oxidative stress, tumor microenvironment, etc. The remaining chapters will cover topics on autophagy and cancer therapy. These pages will serve as a description on how the pro-survival function of autophagy may help cancer cells resist chemotherapy and radiation treatment as well as how the pro-death functions of autophagy may enhance cell death in response to cancer therapy, and how to target autophagy for cancer prevention and therapy − what to target and how to target it. ​



Non-Canonical Autophagy

Author : Giulia Petroni

Publisher : Academic Press

Page : 184 pages

File Size : 15,27 MB

Release : 2021-04-21

Category : Science

ISBN : 0128209119

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Book Description

Non-canonical Autophagy: Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Implications outlines the differences between ‘canonical’ and ‘non-canonical’ forms of autophagy, highlighting the discoveries concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying these unconventional forms of autophagy and the advancements in pathophysiological features of ‘non-canonical’ autophagy. The book discusses all forms of ‘non-canonical’ autophagy and the complexity of autophagy-dependent cell death. Readers will gain a better understanding of mechanisms underlying ‘non-canonical’ autophagy so that they can interpret the biological effects of autophagy correctly and identify reliable, novel and effective treatment strategies. Presents the most advanced information surrounding the molecular mechanisms underlying non-canonical autophagy Outlines the increasing evidence regarding the involvement of non-canonical autophagy in multiple physiological and pathological processes Discusses the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators and the obstacles that have limited their development



The Stressed Heart

Author : Marianne J. Legato

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 347 pages

File Size : 37,72 MB

Release : 2012-12-06

Category : Medical

ISBN : 1461320410

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Book Description

The Stressed Heart is truly unique in concept and will provide an eXCItmg adventure to the reader no matter what his or her field of expertise and interest. The title, although quite appropriate, does not adequately indicate the range of topics considered or the rational interrelationships among them. Indeed, perhaps the most important point to be learned from the book is that a serious consideration of the response of the heart to mechanical overload, ischemia, or excessive humoral stimuli must include evaluation of each of the topics in the table of contents. The heart responds to stress through alterations in both structure and function. How these changes are brought about is the subject of the initial chapters. These consider first the normal regulation of gene expression in the heart, the rapid response to mechanical overload that leads to both quantitative and qualitative changes in the contractile proteins, and our current understand ing of the signals that might be elicited by stress and alter gene expression. One chapter emphasizes the fact that, regardless of the nature of the stress, the common denominator is a discrepancy between energy requirements and expenditure. The central role of cellular acidosis in initiating the sequence of responses to stress and the possible roles of peptide regulators of transcription and protein regulators of translation are considered in detail.



Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging

Author : M. A. Hayat

Publisher : Academic Press

Page : 431 pages

File Size : 24,43 MB

Release : 2016-12-28

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0128094273

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Book Description

Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging is an eleven volume series that discusses in detail all aspects of autophagy machinery in the context of health, cancer, and other pathologies. Autophagy maintains homeostasis during starvation or stress conditions by balancing the synthesis of cellular components and their deregulation by autophagy. This series discusses the characterization of autophagosome-enriched vaccines and its efficacy in cancer immunotherapy. Autophagy serves to maintain healthy cells, tissues, and organs, but also promotes cancer survival and growth of established tumors. Impaired or deregulated autophagy can also contribute to disease pathogenesis. Understanding the importance and necessity of the role of autophagy in health and disease is vital for the studies of cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, immunology, and infectious diseases. Comprehensive and forward-thinking, these books offer a valuable guide to cellular processes while also inciting researchers to explore their potentially important connections. Presents the most advanced information regarding the role of the autophagic system in life and death Examines whether autophagy acts fundamentally as a cell survivor or cell death pathway or both Introduces new, more effective therapeutic strategies in the development of targeted drugs and programmed cell death, providing information that will aid in preventing detrimental inflammation Features recent advancements in the molecular mechanisms underlying a large number of genetic and epigenetic diseases and abnormalities, including atherosclerosis and CNS tumors, and their development and treatment Includes chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe—the broadest, most expert coverage available



Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections

Author :

Publisher : Academic Press

Page : 1081 pages

File Size : 26,23 MB

Release : 2013-05-06

Category : Science

ISBN : 0123973473

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Book Description

The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 2 offers 56 high level articles devoted mainly to Formation of Axons and Dendrites, Migration, Synaptogenesis, Developmental Sequences in the Maturation of Intrinsic and Synapse Driven Patterns. Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship Volume 2 sections include coverage of mechanisms which regulate: the formation of axons and dendrites, cell migration, synapse formation and maintenance during development, and neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation to early correlated patterns of activity



Membrane Biogenesis

Author : Jos A.F. Op den Kamp

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 474 pages

File Size : 15,72 MB

Release : 2013-06-29

Category : Science

ISBN : 3642731848

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Book Description

Many individual aspects of the dynamics and assembly of biological membranes have been studied in great detail. Cell biological approaches, advanced genetics, biophysics and biochemistry have greatly contributed to an increase in our knowledge in this field.lt is obvious however, that the three major membrane constituents - lipids, proteins and carbohydrates- are studied, in most cases separately and that a coherent overview of the various aspects of membrane biogenesis is not readily available. The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "New Perspectives in the Dynamics of Assembly of Biomembranes" intended to provide such an overview: it was set up to teach students and specialists the achievements obtained in the various research areas and to try and integrate the numerous aspects of membrane assembly into a coherent framework. The articles in here reflect this. Statting with detailed contributions on phospholipid structure, dynamics, organization and biogenesis, an up to date overview of the basic, lipidic backbone of biomembranes is given. Extensive progress is made in the research on membrane protein biosynthesis. In particular the post- and co-translational modification processes of proteins, the mechanisms of protein translocation and the sorting mechanisms which are necessary to direct proteins to their final, intra - or extracellular destination have been characterized in detail. Modern genetic approaches were indispensable in this research area: gene cloning, hybrid protein construction, site directed mutagenesis and sequencing techniques elucidated many functional aspects of specific nucleic acid and amino acid sequences.



Autophagy of the Nervous System

Author : Zhenyu Yue

Publisher : World Scientific

Page : 441 pages

File Size : 21,75 MB

Release : 2012

Category : Medical

ISBN : 9814350443

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Book Description

What is autophagy? Why would neurons digest parts of themselves through autophagy? How can autophagy save the lives of cells under some conditions, but act as an accomplice to cell death in others? By what mechanisms are autophagy-related processes dysregulated in neurological diseases, and are there therapeutic strategies to correct or compensate for their dysfunction? This book provides an expert view of major concepts in autophagy research with a focus on autophagy in neurons. Experimental evidence for evolutionarily conserved and specialized regulatory mechanisms for autophagy in the mammalian nervous system will be presented, including recent data on braking mechanisms. Areas of intersection with cell death, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and the endocytic pathway will be reviewed, along with emerging areas of mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) and the autophagic regulation of neuritic/synaptic processes. Advances in delineating mechanisms by which autophagy is involved in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ischemia/hypoxia and lysosomal storage diseases, will be discussed along with current drug development strategies targeting autophagy.