Understanding How Family-Level Dynamics Affect Children's Development


Book Description

Recent studies of early socialization and child development have begun to contextualize early family influences more broadly than ever before. Yet, despite advances in family and child research over the past decade, most studies continue to examine dydadic subsystems of the larger family system rather than the full family context. With a few noteworthy exceptions, empirical support for the utility of whole-family analysis in child development research remains to be established. This sourcebook draws together diverse studies of whole-family dynamics to explore the potential of this paradigm for understanding individual variability in children's early social and emotional development. Several chapters underscore the significance of coparental processes--behaviors between adults that include and involve the child. Other chapters assess patterns of cohesion, emotion, coordination, and involvement among members of the family group. Though the studies reported in this sourcebook capture family-level processes in only one type of family--the two-parent family--they provide a knowledge base from which subsequent research on other family configurations can proceed. It is our hope that this sourcebook moves us one step closer to realizing the rich and nuanced perspectives inherent in the careful clinical observations and writings of family therapists who emphasize the relevance of the whole-family group for our safety, health, security, and reality. This is the 74th issue of the quarterly journal New Directions for Child Development.







Parenting Matters


Book Description

Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.




Understanding How Family-Level Dynamics Affect Children's Development


Book Description

Recent studies of early socialization and child development have begun to contextualize early family influences more broadly than ever before. Yet, despite advances in family and child research over the past decade, most studies continue to examine dydadic subsystems of the larger family system rather than the full family context. With a few noteworthy exceptions, empirical support for the utility of whole-family analysis in child development research remains to be established. This sourcebook draws together diverse studies of whole-family dynamics to explore the potential of this paradigm for understanding individual variability in children's early social and emotional development. Several chapters underscore the significance of coparental processes--behaviors between adults that include and involve the child. Other chapters assess patterns of cohesion, emotion, coordination, and involvement among members of the family group. Though the studies reported in this sourcebook capture family-level processes in only one type of family--the two-parent family--they provide a knowledge base from which subsequent research on other family configurations can proceed. It is our hope that this sourcebook moves us one step closer to realizing the rich and nuanced perspectives inherent in the careful clinical observations and writings of family therapists who emphasize the relevance of the whole-family group for our safety, health, security, and reality. This is the 74th issue of the quarterly journal New Directions for Child Development.




Children's Influence on Family Dynamics


Book Description

Any parent who has raised more than one child is likely to be keenly aware of subtle or even striking differences among their offspring. The central premise of this volume is that children bring personal qualities to their relationships with other family members that help shape family interaction, relationships, and even processes that family researchers have called "parenting." The chapters address how children's personal qualities make their mark on families in ways that may in turn influence children's subsequent development. The volume is based on the presentations and discussions from a national symposium on "Children's influence on family dynamics: The neglected side of family relationships" held at the Pennsylvania State University, as the ninth in a series of annual interdisciplinary symposia focused on family issues. It is divided into four parts, each dealing with a different aspect of the topic. Part I sets the stage by focusing on the features of children that make a difference, as well as the kinds of research designs that are likely to shed light on the role of child influences. Part II focuses on early childhood, particularly the role of infant temperament and other individual differences in very young children in shaping their parents' behaviors, reactions in turn that feedback and influence the developing child. Part III focuses on adolescence, a time when young people are able to exert more choice in how they spend their time and who they spend it with. Part IV pulls the themes of the volume together and points the way for future research.




Family Factors and the Educational Success of Children


Book Description

Family Factors and the Educational Success of Children addresses a wide range of family variables and a diverse array of family situations in order to understand the dynamics of the multifaceted relationship between family realities and educational outcomes of children. It provides research on building effective partnerships between parents and teaches the importance of parental style, parental involvement as a means of improving family life, the influence of family factors on children of color, and the role of religion in influencing family and educational dynamics. This book is a valuable resource for academics, family scientists, social workers, psychologists, parents, and students. The book contains research on a full variety of issues, which will provide insight into a wide range of practical matters regarding the influence of the family. The research methodology included in this book includes examining large data sets, case studies, research syntheses and other student surveys. As a result of reading this book, individuals will have greater insight into how a multitudinous number of family factors ultimately influence the educational success of children, whether that is experienced directly or indirectly. This book was published as a double special issue of Marriage and Family Review.




The Family Context of Parenting in Children's Adaptation to Elementary School


Book Description

The Family Context of Parenting in Children's Adaptation to Elementary School is a result of a longitudinal prevention study of 100 families begun the year before their first children entered kindergarten. Each family went through an assessment and then a subset was randomly chosen for group intervention. The children in both groups were then studied as they progressed through kindergarten and first grade to assess the quality of their adaptation to the school environment. The text focuses on how parent-child relationships are only one determinant of a child's academic competence, social competence, and behavior. Rather, these relationships must be understood in the context of the role they play within the family as a system. It also addresses the recent challenges to claims about the impact of parents on their children's development. The book sheds additional light on family influences within the larger social environment as a key determinant of the quality of children's adjustment to schooling. It appeals to scientists, professionals, and parents alike.




Retrospect and Prospect in the Psychological Study of Families


Book Description

This book assembles 11 of the leading thinkers and researchers in the field of family psychology to create a compendium summarizing both what psychology researchers have learned about the family and where the field should be going next. It evolved after the volume's contributors met with other distinguished family scholars to discuss family influences on child development and to ponder how this knowledge could be used to benefit families and children. This volume includes approaches to the family that feature multiple levels and topics of focal interest to benefit anyone interested in the family. Central topics include mothering, fathering, marriages, family group processes, sibling relations, and families as systems. In addition, three senior authors offer road maps to detect, and suggest (a) challenges in research on parenting, (b) marital and family dynamics, and (c) family systems in the years ahead. In keeping with the theme of how research affects the lives of families outside the university lab settings, this volume includes a chapter on the interface between family research and law. This book closes with a "big picture" analysis and critique of what is known and not known. Psychologists, anthropologists, sociologists, and public policymakers interested in the family should especially find this volume of interest.




The Structure and Development of Self-Consciousness


Book Description

Self-consciousness is a topic of considerable importance to a variety of empirical and theoretical disciplines such as developmental and social psychology, cognitive neuroscience, psychiatry, and philosophy. This volume presents essays on self-consciousness by prominent psychologists, cognitive neurologists, and philosophers. Some of the topics included are the infants’ sense of self and others, theory of mind, phenomenology of embodiment, neural mechanisms of action attribution, and hermeneutics of the self. A number of these essays argue in turn that empirical findings in developmental psychology, phenomenological analyses of embodiment, or studies of pathological self-experiences point to the existence of a type of self-consciousness that does not require any explicit I —thought or self-observation, but is more adequately described as a pre-reflective, embodied form of self-familiarity. The different contributions in the volume amply demonstrate that self-consciousness is a complex multifaceted phenomenon that calls for an integration of different complementary interdisciplinary perspectives. (Series B)




Parenthood in America


Book Description

In this outgrowth of a conference called Parenthood in America, held at in April 1998, Westman (emeritus, psychiatry, U. of Wisconsin Medical School) identifies the parent-child relationship as the fundamental institution in our society, one that fosters a lifelong ability to form and sustain intimate relationships and be a thoughtful, moral person. He argues for a shift in thinking toward the use of quality of life, rather than material achievement, as the central measure of success. The work's 23 articles bring insights from research to bear on the practical aspects of childrearing and on policies that influence the context in which parenting occurs in the home and in the community. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR