Undiscovered Petroleum and Mineral Resources


Book Description

""" This book has been written as a guide to the management and use of formulated feeds in intensive fish and shrimp culture. While its focus is on the use of commercially pro duced feeds in intensive production systems, it is anticipated that many of the practical issues covered will be of equal interest to those fish farmers who make their own feeds and to those who use formulated feeds in less intensive systems. Feeds and feeding are the major variable operating costs in intensive aquaculture and the book is primarily in tended to aid decision making by fish farm managers in areas of feeding policy. The dramatic increases in aquaculture production seen over the past 15 years have been made possible, in large part, by gains in our understanding of the food and feed ing requirements of key fish and shrimp species. A global aquaculture feeds industry has developed and a wide range of specialist feeds is now sold. The new options in feeds and feeding systems, which are becoming available, necessitate continual review by farmers of their feeding policies, where choices must be made as to appropriate feed types and feeding methods. While growth rates and feed conversion values are the prime factors of interest to farmers, other important issues, such as product qualiry and environmental impacts of farm effluents, are also directly related to feed management practices.




Feed Management in Intensive Aquaculture


Book Description

""" This book has been written as a guide to the management and use of formulated feeds in intensive fish and shrimp culture. While its focus is on the use of commercially pro duced feeds in intensive production systems, it is anticipated that many of the practical issues covered will be of equal interest to those fish farmers who make their own feeds and to those who use formulated feeds in less intensive systems. Feeds and feeding are the major variable operating costs in intensive aquaculture and the book is primarily in tended to aid decision making by fish farm managers in areas of feeding policy. The dramatic increases in aquaculture production seen over the past 15 years have been made possible, in large part, by gains in our understanding of the food and feed ing requirements of key fish and shrimp species. A global aquaculture feeds industry has developed and a wide range of specialist feeds is now sold. The new options in feeds and feeding systems, which are becoming available, necessitate continual review by farmers of their feeding policies, where choices must be made as to appropriate feed types and feeding methods. While growth rates and feed conversion values are the prime factors of interest to farmers, other important issues, such as product quality and environmental impacts of farm effiuents, are also directly related to feed management practices.




Subsea Mineral Resources


Book Description




Quantification and Prediction of Hydrocarbon Resources


Book Description

The oil price shocks of the mid-1980s and their aftermath created radical changes in the petroleum industry, and underlined the need for reliable information on petroleum resources. Integration between the disciplines of petroleum geology, exploration geophysics, reservoir/petroleum engineering and economics became a necessity for resource management and strategic planning. This volume is designed to bring together some of the best techniques evolved to meet these challenges. The very broad scope of the volume, ranging from the macro (global) to micro (field and prospect) level, provides an overview of the thought processes currently prevalent in the industry and academia on the subject of resource quantification and prediction.This is one of the first books to cover the extensive assembly of hydrocarbon quantification and prediction techniques - of value to petroleum industry management, geoscientists, engineers and economists. Containing hundreds of illustrations, some in colour, the book is arranged in 26 chapters with a detailed subject index. Many service companies and university departments with links to the industry will also find much to interest them.




Undiscovered Petroleum and Mineral Resources


Book Description

This book is a guide to the management and use of formulated feeds in semi-intensive and intensive fish and shrimp culture. Feeds represent the major variable operating costs in intensive aquaculture, and optimizing their use represents an opportunity for many farmers to increase or maintain the profitability of their enterprise. Fish farmers have an ever widening range of feed types and feeding methods from which to choose, and must carefully monitor the use of feeds in order to control costs. This book includes details of those biological, environmental, and nutritional factors which influence the feeding, growth and survival of fish and shrimp, and of which some understanding is essential in the establishment of effective feeding practices. Details are given of feed handling and storage methods, and the various methods available for feeding fish are described and their relative methods appraised. Methods for selection of the appropriate feed types, ration sizes, and feeding schedules are included, and details given of how to measure performance of feeding programs. Throughout the text reference is made to key areas of current research, and examples are drawn from different sectors of the industry to illustrate the general principles of feed management.




Global Resource Estimates from Total Petroleum Systems


Book Description

Presented in this publication are the results of a major study of the petroleum resources of the world as analyzed by Total Petroleum Systems. The distribution and volumes of resources available in these systems are critically important for the future of the world's economies. Geologic insights gained from studying these 149 systems and their constituent assessment units in 128 provinces and 96 countries, exclusive of the United States, allow a new look at petroleum accumulations and the rocks that are intimately associated with them.




The Gulf of Mexico Sedimentary Basin


Book Description

Introduction -- Mesozoic depositional evolution -- Cenozoic depositional evolution -- Petroleum habitat.




Unconventional Petroleum Geology


Book Description

Unconventional Petroleum Geology, Second Edition presents the latest research results of global conventional and unconventional petroleum exploration and production. The first part covers the basics of unconventional petroleum geology, its introduction, concept of unconventional petroleum geology, unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, and the origin and distribution of unconventional oil and gas. The second part is focused on unconventional petroleum development technologies, including a series of technologies on resource assessment, lab analysis, geophysical interpretation, and drilling and completion. The third and final section features case studies of unconventional hydrocarbon resources, including tight oil and gas, shale oil and gas, coal bed methane, heavy oil, gas hydrates, and oil and gas in volcanic and metamorphic rocks. - Provides an up-to-date, systematic, and comprehensive overview of all unconventional hydrocarbons - Reorganizes and updates more than half of the first edition content, including four new chapters - Includes a glossary on unconventional petroleum types, including tight-sandstone oil and gas, coal-bed gas, shale gas, oil and gas in fissure-cave-type carbonate rocks, in volcanic reservoirs, and in metamorphic rocks, heavy crude oil and natural bitumen, and gas hydrates - Presents new theories, new methods, new technologies, and new management methods, helping to meet the demands of technology development and production requirements in unconventional plays




Quantifying the Unknown


Book Description

Copper, zinc, gold and silver mineralizations exist on the deep ocean floor, at great depths, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between Jan Mayen and Spitsbergen. None of these mineralizations within Norwegian jurisdiction have been thoroughly investigated yet, but they are likely to contain significant amounts of minerals and metals crucial to society and the 'Green Shift'. Should these mineralizations, which contain minerals and metals that you and I use every day, be developed and mined? The question is premature: we need to know more before we can answer it. We need to know more about the formation, location and characteristics of these potential deposits, as well as the environmental, social and financial consequences of potential extraction. We need to evaluate mining alternatives and how to process the extracted ore. How should we answer this question? The ultimate decisions will be determined politically, and knowledge will be the defining factor. Knowledge gained from proper mineral resource management. Quantifying the Unknown sets out to estimate the amount of minerals and metals on the deep ocean floor along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in particular, copper, zinc, gold and silver contained in so-called 'seafloor massive sulphide deposits'. These deposits are modern analogues of those mined worldwide on land today. The method used to quantify the amounts of these resources is known as 'play analysis'. It shares aspects of methodologies used on land for similar purposes and has been employed extensively to assess untapped petroleum resources on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. Play analysis enables a quantification of the potential as well as associated uncertainty. The potential is large, but the uncertainty is also significant. Whether and how this potential is realized remains to be seen.




Critical Mineral Resources of the United States


Book Description

As the importance and dependence of specific mineral commodities increase, so does concern about their supply. The United States is currently 100 percent reliant on foreign sources for 20 mineral commodities and imports the majority of its supply of more than 50 mineral commodities. Mineral commodities that have important uses and face potential supply disruption are critical to American economic and national security. However, a mineral commodity's importance and the nature of its supply chain can change with time; a mineral commodity that may not have been considered critical 25 years ago may be critical today, and one considered critical today may not be so in the future. The U.S. Geological Survey has produced this volume to describe a select group of mineral commodities currently critical to our economy and security. For each mineral commodity covered, the authors provide a comprehensive look at (1) the commodity's use; (2) the geology and global distribution of the mineral deposit types that account for the present and possible future supply of the commodity; (3) the current status of production, reserves, and resources in the United States and globally; and (4) environmental considerations related to the commodity's production from different types of mineral deposits. The volume describes U.S. critical mineral resources in a global context, for no country can be self-sufficient for all its mineral commodity needs, and the United States will always rely on global mineral commodity supply chains. This volume provides the scientific understanding of critical mineral resources required for informed decisionmaking by those responsible for ensuring that the United States has a secure and sustainable supply of mineral commodities.